Prevalence and risk factors of chronic complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Morocco: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with T2DM. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of these chronic complications and identify the associated risk factors among Moroccan patients with T2DM. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 505 T2DM patients followed by the healthcare Centers of the Casablanca-Settat region from January 2017 to July 2018. The socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data were recorded using a structured survey. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 is used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are used to determine the risk factors associated with chronic complications of T2DM. Results: among the 505 Moroccan patients with T2DM, 84.98% were women. The average age of the patients was 57.27±10.74 years. Diabetic eye disease was the most frequent complication (29.5%) followed by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (22.4%), kidney disease in diabetes (9.8%), diabetes foot (2.8%), and neuropathy (1.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the CVDs was associated with hypertension (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.11-5.22; p=0.026), hypolipidemia treatment (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.06-4.59; p=0.034), insulin use (OR= 0.39; 95%CI: 0.15-0.96, p=0.043) and LDL-C (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1-1.02; p=0.035) in T2DM patients. However, the major risk factors for the development of kidney disease in T2DM patients were a lack of regular physical activity (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.22-11.67; p=0.021), hypolipidemia treatment (OR: 8.31; 95% CI: 1.86-36.97; p=0.005), and high serum creatinine (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.16-1.53; p≤0.001). In addition, LDL-C levels were found to be a significant risk factor for diabetes eye disease (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; p=0.008). Conclusion: this study shows that the increased duration of diabetes, insulin use, lack of regular physical exercise, hypertension, hypolipidemia treatment, high serum creatinine, and LDL-C were significant risk factors for chronic complications of T2DM in Moroccan patients.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and the relationship between HbA1C and lipid profile in Moroccan patients with T2DM: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: the increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from uncontrolled hyperglycemia and consistently contributes to an elevated risk of cardiovascular complications. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid levels in Moroccan patients with T2DM. Methods: a total of 505 patients with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study, 77.4% with chronic complications and 22.6% without. The collected data were examined using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software and appropriate statistical methods. Results: the data analysis showed that the mean and SD of age were 57.27±10.74 years. Among 505 patients with T2DM, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased HDL-C was 41.4%, 35.9%, 27.1%, and 17%, respectively. In addition, the data analysis showed that levels of total cholesterol (TC) (p≤0.001), triglycerides (p≤0.001), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p≤0.001), TC/HDL-C ratio (p=0.006), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p=0.006) were significantly higher in T2DM patients with complications as compared to those without complications. The patients with HbA1C > 7.0% had significantly higher values of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p≤0.001), total cholesterol (p≤0.001), triglycerides (p≤0.001), and TC/HDL-C ratio (p=0.025) as compared to the patients with HbA1C ≤ 7.0%. The HbA1C demonstrated a significant negative correlation with age (r=-0.139), and positive correlation with FBG (r=0.673), total cholesterol (r=0.189) and triglycerides (r=0.243). Conclusion: our results showed that HbA1C is the most important biomarker of long-term glycemic control and can also be a good indicator of the lipid profile.