Comparison of healing time and the histopathology of bone formation following tooth extraction using freeze-dried bone allograft:A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background. A decrease in the width and height of the alveolar ridge is inevitable following tooth extraction. This study aimed to histologically evaluate the amount of newly formed bone after using a freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) at two different intervals in the tooth socket grafting. Methods. Forty patients were selected, who required a single-rooted tooth extraction and were candidates for implant placement, with no indication for an immediate implant. Extraction sockets were preserved using a cortical FDBA allograft in two regeneration interval groups: 3 months (group A) and 4 months (group B). At the time of implant placement, a bone sample was collected from each grafted socket. Histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the percentage of newly formed bone and the residual graft material. Changes in histological indices, i.e., inflammation rate, percentage of ossification, and the amount of remaining biomaterial, were evaluated. Results. There were no significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone and residual graft material between the two groups. In general, the average of new bone formation and remaining graft particles in groups A and B was: %33.89 and %12.59 vs. %39.83 and %14.07, respectively. Conclusion. Bone parameters in group A were better compared to group B. However, due to the lack of significant differences in the results, it is suggested that implant placement in grafted sockets with mineralized allografts be expedited.

Effect of microthread design on the preservation of marginal bone around immediately placed implants: a 5-years prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the microthread design at the implant neck on the preservation of marginal bone around immediately-placed implants in a 5-year follow up. METHODS: Thirty patients received 41 immediately placed implants which were randomly assigned to treatment groups with microthreaded implants (test group, n = 22) or threaded implants (control group, n = 19). Clinical and radiographic analyses were carried out after 1 and5 years. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth and marginal bone loss were subject to evaluations. The results were analyzed with the T-test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: No implants failed; thirty-five implants (in 27 patients); 21 microthreaded and 14 threaded implants; completed the 5 year follow up. The mean values of the marginal bone loss in microthreaded and threaded groups were 1.12 ± 0.95 mm and 0.87 ± 0.78 mm, respectively during an observation period of 70.9 ± 10.4 months; the differences in marginal bone loss and other pre-implant parameters were not significant between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both implant designs showed acceptable results in terms of the clinical parameters and marginal bone level. Within the limitation of this study, the results did not demonstrate any superiority of the microthread design compared to threaded one in marginal bone preservation around immediately placed implants over 5 years of loading.

Effect of Microthread Design on Marginal Bone Level Around Dental Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare radiographically the effect of microthread on the coronal portion of the fixture on marginal bone level (MBL) around immediately placed dental implants in human subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one roughened surface screw type Dentium oral implants (Dentium) were inserted in fresh extraction sockets of the anterior segment of maxilla of 30 patients. The implants were selected randomly using either microthread design on coronal portion of the fixture (Implantium) (test group) or without microthread thread design (Superline) (control group). MBL was measured using digital subtraction radiography technique after 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: At month 3, the microthread groups have been associated with more marginal bone loss than the control group (P = 0.04). At months 6 and 12, both groups had comparable bone levels (P = 0.21). CONCLUSION: The microthread design of the implant collar could not have a positive effect in maintaining the MBL around implants placed in fresh extraction socket in anterior maxilla.

Salivary Visfatin Concentration in Response to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Visfatin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been associated with several immunomodulating processes. The relationship between visfatin and periodontitis has been the subject of a few studies that have described visfatin as an inflammatory marker for periodontitis. However, studies on visfatin as a potential therapeutic target in periodontal diseases are scarce. In the present study, we evaluated the alterations in salivary visfatin levels in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty individuals with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and twenty periodontally healthy individuals were selected for this study according to clinical parameters. Patients with chronic periodontitis were treated by non-surgical periodontal therapy. Clinical parameters were recorded and saliva samples were obtained from the control group and test group before (T1 group) and one month after periodontal treatment (T2 group). Salivary visfatin concentrations were measured by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS, version 18. RESULTS: Visfatin was detectable in all samples. T1 and control groups were significantly different in terms of clinical parameters and visfatin levels. Visfatin concentrations were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Periodontal treatment also resulted in significant reductions of all clinical parameters with the exception of clinical attachment level. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that salivary levels of visfatin are reduced after non-surgical periodontal therapy to the levels comparable with those found in healthy individuals. Therefore, the salivary visfatin level may have the potential to be a target marker for assessment of responses to non-surgical periodontal therapy. However, more studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these findings.

Salivary visfatin concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Visfatin, also known as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor, is secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immunomodulating effects. It is indicated that serum/plasma levels of visfatin increase in a number of inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to evaluate salivary concentrations of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Twenty patients with CP and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. For each patient, the values of clinical parameters, such as bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. Whole saliva samples were collected, and concentrations of visfatin were evaluated using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software. RESULTS: Visfatin was detectable in all samples. Salivary visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between salivary visfatin concentrations and CAL in the periodontitis group. However, no significant association was observed between salivary visfatin levels and other periodontal parameters or body mass index. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is a relationship between salivary visfatin and CP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.