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1.
Biomedica ; 39: 86-95, 2019 05 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31529851

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In Colombia, there are about 500,000 members in the national armed forces who consult military health institutions. In this population, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a high-incidence pathogen. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize patients with MRSA bacteremia in the Hospital Militar Central between 2012 and 2015. Materials and methods: This was an observational descriptive study with a retrospective review of clinical histories of hospitalized patients older than 18 years of age with positive blood cultures for methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The identification of the patients was made using the Whonet system, version 5.6. Results: From cultures positive for S. aureus, 24.8% were methicillin-resistant strains, with a higher prevalence in active military personnel. A similar frequency was observed for community-acquired MRSA bacteremias and those acquired at the hospital, with the community phenotype being the most frequent in both groups. The main infectious focus related to the development of bacteremia was soft tissue, followed by pulmonary tissue. There were higher complication rates in nosocomial bacteremias; 34.9% of the patients had prolonged stays attributable to complications triggered by the bacteremia. Conclusions: Active military personnel was the most affected population by MRSA, with a similar frequency in community-acquired and nosocomial bacteremias. The main infectious focus was soft tissue. Taking into account these data, studies that establish the prevalence of skin infections by MRSA should be carried out.


Introducción. En las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia, cerca de 500.000 de sus miembros asisten a consulta en los establecimientos sanitarios militares. En esta población, Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR) se ha convertido en un agente patógeno de gran incidencia. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes con diagnóstico de bacteriemia por SAMR en el Hospital Militar Central entre el 2012 y el 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados y con hemocultivos positivos para S. aureus resistente a la meticilina. Para la identificación de los pacientes se empleó el sistema Whonet, version 5.6. Resultados. De los 177 cultivos positivos para S. aureus, el 24,8 % (n=44) correspondió a SAMR, con mayor prevalencia en pacientes militares activos (n=20m 45,4 %). Se observó una frecuencia similar para la bacteriemia por SAMR adquirida en la comunidad y la adquirida en el hospital, siendo más frecuente (n=37, 84 %) el fenotipo de la comunidad en ambos grupos. El principal foco infeccioso fueron los tejidos blandos, seguidos por el tejido pulmonar. Se presentaron mayores tasas de complicaciones (61%, n=13) en la bacteriemia adquirida en el hospital; 34,9 % (n=15),de los pacientes tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria prolongada atribuible a las complicaciones desencadenadas por la bacteriemia. Conclusiones. La población más afectada por SAMR fueron los pacientes militares activos (n=20, 45,4 %), con una frecuencia similar de la bacteriemia adquirida en la comunidad (n=18, 43,2 %) y la adquirida en el hospital (n=25, 56,8 %), y el principal foco infeccioso fueron los tejidos blandos. Dados estos resultados, es necesario adelantar estudios para establecer la prevalencia de infecciones por SAMR en la piel.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Hospitals, Military/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
2.
Infectio ; 22(3): 153-158, jul.-sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-953984

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Por su capacidad de resistencia, las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina (SAMR) representan un reto importante en la terapéutica. Se desarrolló este estudio con el fin de caracterizar la población con neumonía por SAMR del Hospital Militar Central. Métodos: Se condujo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía bacteriana con aislamiento microbiológico positivo para SAMR. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Resultados: Durante el periodo de 4 años de estudio hubo 211 aislamientos correspondientes a S. aureus de los cuales 22 correspondieron a neumonía bacteriana por SAMR. La neumonía nosocomial fue la forma más frecuente de presentación (54,5%), seguida por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (36,3%). El 36,3% de los pacientes eran militares activos, el 31,8% militares retirados o civiles. La frecuencia de comorbilidades fue del 92,3% siendo la enfermedad renal crónica y malignidad las más frecuentes. Conclusión: Desde el punto de vista clínico la neumonía por SAMR se caracterizó por una mayor cantidad de pacientes jóvenes y sin comorbilidades contrastando con neumonía nosocomial que se caracterizó por una población de más edad y con mayor prevalencia de comorbilidades.


Introduction: Strains methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to be resistant to most beta-lactam available and different families of antibiotics, represent a major challenge in therapeutics; for this reason, it is necessary to conduct studies to characterize better patients with MRSA infection. Methods: A descriptive study of cross section of patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia with positive microbiological isolation for MRSA was conducted by reviewing medical records and susceptibility testing relevant demographic and clinical data were extracted. The data analysis was conducted through measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: During the period of 4 years of study; there were 211 isolates corresponding to S. aureus; of which 22 were for MRSA bacterial pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonia was the most common presentation (54,5%); followed by community-acquired pneumonia (36,3%). 36,3% of patients were military personnel, 31,8% retired military or civilians. The frequency of comorbidities was 92,3% being chronic kidney disease and the most common malignancy. Conclusion: From the clinical point of view MRSA pneumonia it was characterized by a greater number of young patients without comorbidities; which contrasted with nosocomial pneumonia was characterized by an aging population and higher prevalence of comorbidities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Demography , Prevalence , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia , Military Personnel , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Neoplasms
3.
Pest Manag Sci ; 61(6): 597-604, 2005 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15662650

ABSTRACT

The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre(-1), respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively.


Subject(s)
Culex/physiology , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Larva/physiology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
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