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1.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(25): e38142, 2024 Jun 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38905367

ABSTRACT

The pharmaceutical industry is vital for healthcare advancement through innovative medications, improving lives. A substantial challenge is "Drug lag," hindering patient access and increasing disease adjusted life years burdens. We aim to examine drug lag for Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA) approved drugs versus US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) over 2001 to 2021. We reviewed new molecular entities within this period, using descriptive statistics in Excel 2019. Drug lag is assessed from relative and absolute perspectives, considering approval gaps and annual rates. Among 710 FDA-approved drugs, 410 received EMA approval, 344 from PMDA, and 148 from IFDA. For 148 IFDA and FDA-approved drugs, the maximum drug lag was 237 months. The mean relative drug lag was 65.18 ±â€…61.56 months. Compared to EMA (112 drugs), the maximum lag was 257 months, with a mean relative lag of 70.29 ±â€…53.67 months. With PMDA (127 drugs), the maximum lag was 253 months, with a mean relative lag of 38.23 ±â€…60.57 months. Iran faces significant drug lag compared to developed countries' regulatory bodies, limiting patient access to innovative treatments. Addressing this issue is crucial for timely drug access, reducing disease burdens. Further research and policy interventions are needed to mitigate drug lag's impact on Iran healthcare landscape.


Subject(s)
Drug Approval , United States Food and Drug Administration , Iran , United States , Humans , Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence , Time Factors , Europe
2.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 91: 107245, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33348292

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infective disease generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the pandemic urgency and lack of an effective cure for this disease, drug repurposing could open the way for finding a solution. Lots of investigations are ongoing to test the compounds already identified as antivirals. On the other hand, induction of type I interferons are found to play an important role in the generation of immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it was opined that the antivirals capable of triggering the interferons and their signaling pathway, could rationally be beneficial for treating COVID-19. On this basis, using a database of antivirals, called drugvirus, some antiviral agents were derived, followed by searches on their relevance to interferon induction. The examined list included drugs from different categories such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, anti-cancers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), calcium channel blocker compounds, and some others. The results as briefed here, could help in finding potential drug candidates for COVID-19 treatment. However, their advantages and risks should be taken into account through precise studies, considering a systemic approach. Even though the adverse effects of some of these drugs may overweight their benefits, considering their mechanisms and structures may give a clue for designing novel drugs in the future. Furthermore, the antiviral effect and IFN-modifying mechanisms possessed by some of these drugs might lead to a synergistic effect against SARS-CoV-2, which deserve to be evaluated in further investigations.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Interferon Type I/pharmacology , Interferon Type I/therapeutic use , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Animals , COVID-19/virology , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control
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