ABSTRACT
We propose a system that utilizes reflection holograms to realize color holography that illuminates from the back site. In this configuration, two types of polarizers and two quarter-wave plates are used. By combining these elements and controlling the polarization direction of the transmitted beam that passes through them, it is possible to avoid the drawbacks of the conventional method of illuminating from the front. The reconstructed image has a wide viewing angle, and a clear color image can be observed. The effectiveness of this configuration in the proposed color holography system is discussed with respect to the dependence of the polarization characteristics of the elements on the angle of incidence. We also constructed a benchtop prototype with this configuration and evaluated its effectiveness.
ABSTRACT
Electro-holography has the problem of having a narrow visual field angle, because the resolution of a spatial light modulator is insufficient for displaying a fringe pattern. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a projector-type electro-holographic compact display that achieves a wide visual field angle by using the combination of an optical system and calculation algorithms. The results of experiments show that the visual field angle is three times larger than that of a normal electro-holographic display. In addition, it is demonstrated that the system has the ability to display 3D reconstructed images with binocular, full-color, high-resolution, and accurate depth presentation.
ABSTRACT
Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide that manipulates cell survival under various stresses. A highly potent HN derivative, HNG, reduced amyloid burden and neuroinflammation and suppressed cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Cuprizone (CPZ), a copper chelator, provokes demyelination in the central nervous system of mice. A shorter (one week) exposure to CPZ induces schizophrenia-like behavior and glial activation prior to demyelination. We tested the effect of HNG on these short-term responses to CZP in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of HNG for one week improved object recognition memory but not working memory in CPZ-treated mice. Quantitative PCR analyses showed that HNG significantly suppressed CPZ-induced activation of microglia, but did not alter the reduced level of a myelin-specific transcript. These results suggest that HN can suppress neuroinflammation and the associated cognitive deficit in a wider range of neurological disorders beyond Alzheimer's disease.
Subject(s)
Cuprizone/pharmacology , Gliosis/drug therapy , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology , Maze Learning/drug effects , Recognition, Psychology/drug effects , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Demyelinating Diseases/chemically induced , Gliosis/chemically induced , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use , Male , Memory, Short-Term/drug effects , Mice , Microglia/drug effectsABSTRACT
Humanin (HN) is an endogenous 24-residue peptide. A highly potent HN derivative, S14G-HN, which has a substitution of serine 14 to glycine, reduced amyloid burden and suppressed cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. S14G-HN also suppressed amnesia induced by a muscarinic receptor antagonist in rodents. To understand the effects of HN on brain function, we tested the effect of S14G-HN on diazepam (DZP)-induced memory impairment and anxiety in mice using the object recognition test and zero-maze test, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of S14G-HN reversed the DZP-induced memory deficit, whereas no significant change was observed in behavioral markers of anxiety. S14G-HN had no effect on locomotor activity in either test, indicating that S14G-HN did not affect physical functioning or motivation. These results suggest that HN preferentially influences cognitive function but not emotional function in the central nervous system.
