Subject(s)
Egg Hypersensitivity/etiology , Egg Yolk/adverse effects , Exercise , Adolescent , Allergens/adverse effects , Allergens/immunology , Animals , Chickens , Egg Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Egg Proteins, Dietary/adverse effects , Egg Proteins, Dietary/immunology , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Skin TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cochineal dye is used worldwide as a red coloring in foods, drinks, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and drugs. The main component of the red color is carminic acid (CA). Carmine is an aluminum- or calcium-chelated product of CA. CA and carmine usually contain contaminating proteins, including a 38-kDa protein thought to be the primary allergen. Severe allergic reactions manifest as anaphylaxis. The aim of this study was to review all Japanese reported cases and propose useful diagnostic chart. METHODS: All reported Japanese cases of cochineal dye-induced immediate allergy were reviewed, and newly registered cases were examined by skin prick test (SPT) with cochineal extract (CE) and measurement of CE and carmine-specific serum IgE test. Two-dimensional (2D) western blotting using patient serum was conducted to identify the antigen. RESULTS: Twenty-two Japanese cases have been reported. SPT and the level of specific IgE test indicated that six cases should be newly registered as cochineal dye allergy. All cases were adult females, and all cases except three involved anaphylaxis; 13 cases involved past history of local symptoms associated with cosmetics use. Japanese strawberry juice and fish-meat sausage, and European processed foods (especially macarons made in France) and drinks were recent major sources of allergen. 2D western blotting showed that patient IgE reacted to the 38-kDa protein and other proteins. Serum from healthy controls also weakly reacted with these proteins. CONCLUSIONS: SPT with CE and determination of the level of CE and carmine-specific IgE test are useful methods for the diagnosis of cochineal dye allergy.
Subject(s)
Allergens/adverse effects , Carmine/adverse effects , Coloring Agents/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/chemically induced , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Adult , Asian People , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/blood , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Japan , Middle Aged , Skin TestsSubject(s)
Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Lichen Planus/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Latent Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Latent Tuberculosis/pathology , Male , Skin/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathologySubject(s)
Butanols/adverse effects , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Drug Eruptions/pathology , Hypopigmentation/chemically induced , Hypopigmentation/pathology , Stem Cells/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Cosmetics/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Japan , Middle Aged , Skin Lightening Preparations/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Actinin/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Fishes , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Seafood/adverse effects , Urticaria/chemically induced , Adolescent , Animals , Dermatitis, Occupational/diagnosis , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Forearm , Humans , Pruritus/chemically induced , RestaurantsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In Japan, over 2000 users of a facial soap containing Glupearl 19S (GP19S), a hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP), developed immediate-type systemic wheat allergy (HWP-IWA), and â¼70% of them developed associated contact urticaria. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether HWP-IWA patients cross-react with other HWPs, and analysed HWP antigenic characteristics. METHODS: We used 10 types of HWP that are commercially available as cosmetic ingredients, and 16 subjects with HWP-IWA. We performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the reactivity to each HWP, and western blotting to evaluate the characteristics of the antigens by using HWP-IWA patients' serum IgE antibodies. We also performed prick tests with the HWPs. RESULTS: The patients reacted to four other HWPs in addition to GP19S, according to ELISA, and this was confirmed by strong reactions in the prick tests to the same four types of HWP. Smears of antigens with molecular weights ranging from the high range to the low range were seen on western blotting with the four HWPs that showed strong reactions in the ELISA and prick tests. CONCLUSIONS: HWP-IWA patients cross-react with other HWPs. The antigens that they cross-reacted to had a molecular weight distribution similar to that of GP19S present in the HWPs.
