Subject(s)
Fluorides/adverse effects , Fluorosis, Dental/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology , Humans , India , Infant , MaleSubject(s)
Fluoridation , Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology , Fluorides/adverse effects , Fluorosis, Dental/etiology , Humans , IndiaABSTRACT
Ketogenic amino acids L-leucine and L-isoleucine were administered in amounts of 100 mg with or without 1.5 g glucose to overnight fasting laying hens. On administering leucine the blood glucose level was observed to be slightly reduced while administration of isolencine increased the blood sugar. On injecting leucine or isoleucine with glucose blood glucose level was found to be appreciably higher as compared to that observed on administering glucose alone. In vivo administration of amino acids caused only a slight increase in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen. The liver glycogen was found to be reduced after the administration of amino acids. these observations indicate that amino acids leucine and isoleucine exercise a definite role on glucose uptake, and its mechanism of utilization in poultry birds is different from mammals.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/pharmacology , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Chickens/metabolism , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Female , Glucagon/metabolism , Isoleucine/pharmacology , Leucine/pharmacology , Liver Glycogen/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Physical efficiency tests were performed on urban school boys drawn from high socio-economic status in comparison to rural school boys. The height and weight records of the subjects indicating growing process showed that the rural boys attained less physical growth than their urban counterparts. The Vital Capacity and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate data expressed either per unit of height or body surface area were significantly lower in rual boys. these findings indicated a poor development of the thorax in the rural group. However, the determined grip strengths for both the group were similar. The grip test might reflect improvement of muscle mass in case of rural boys as a result of regular physical activity employing the arm muscles.
Subject(s)
Forced Expiratory Flow Rates , Hand/physiology , Muscle Contraction , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Vital Capacity , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Humans , India , Male , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Simple anthropometric measurements and physical efficiency tests were performed on adolescent Indian urban boys between 10-14 years and girls between 11-14 years of age. The similar height and weight of the subjects of both sexes were observed and was suggestive of higher growth rate in girls than the boys during only the initial phase of adolescent growth spurt. The vital capacity (total, ml/cm of height, l/m2 of surface area), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (total, l/cm of height, l/kg of weight, l/m2 of surface area, l/year of age) and grip strength were observed to be insignificantly different between the sexes.
Subject(s)
Efficiency , Health , Physical Fitness , Urban Health , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Surface Area , Female , Humans , India , Male , Muscles/physiology , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Stress, Mechanical , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
The mucosal population of small intestine of rats was exposed in vivo to various concentrations of vinblastine sulfate for 30 and 60 min and the activities of glycyl-L-valine and glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase were measured in the treated mucosa of the upper jejunal segment. A significant depression in the activity of these dipeptidases was observed which was further found to be dose dependent.
Subject(s)
Dipeptidases/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Intestine, Small/enzymology , Vinblastine/pharmacology , Animals , Female , RatsABSTRACT
Activities of L-glycyl-L-valine and L-glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase were studied in the mucosa of the small intestine of rats following intraperitoneal administration of vinblastine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg). Activities of these dipeptidases were depressed significantly; the effect was maximal between 4 and 5 h after the injection and lasted for more than 16 h. The depression in the enzyme activities reached even up to 95% when the alkaloid was administered repeatedly in 4-hourly intervals. The present results, showing a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on these dipeptidases, suggest a toxic effect on the enzymes in addition to simple inhibition resulting from a blockade of cell division. The former possibility was examined by incubating mucosal homogenates with various concentrations of the alkaloid for 30 min. Subsequent measurement of the activities showed a significant depression when the alkaloid concentration was raised to 10 microgram/mg wet mucosa. It is concluded that vinblastine sulfate not only arrests the mitosis of the crypts but influences, additionally, the enzymatic complements of the enterocytes.
Subject(s)
Dipeptidases/metabolism , Jejunum/enzymology , Vinblastine/pharmacology , Animals , Female , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Jejunum/cytology , Mitosis/drug effects , Rats , Time Factors , Vinblastine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of tritiated vinblastine in rats has indicated a considerable excretion of the alkaloid through bile into the intestinal lumen. The present study was undertaken to find out whether the presence of the alkaloid in the lumen of small intestine alters the normal transport of nutrients across the small intestine. This was done by measuring the in vitro D-glucose uptake by slices of small intestine of rats pretreated with vinblastine. Vinblastine pretreatment was done by filling the lumen of in vivo segments of small intestine of rats with different concentrations of the alkaloid for 30 and 60 min before uptake was measured. A significant dose-dependent reduction in D-glucose uptake was observed.
Subject(s)
Glucose/metabolism , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Vinblastine/pharmacology , Animals , Bile/metabolism , Female , Rats , Vinblastine/metabolismABSTRACT
The affect of feeding jowar (Sorghum vulgare) was investigated in day old chicks for the periods of 10 and 30 days. Similar chicks serving as controls were fed on Hindlever Poultry feed. The jowar fed chicks showed marked reduction in growth, poor development of comb and feathers, and symptoms of nicotinic acid deficiency. Biochemical investigations showed that plasma alpha-amino nitrogen was significantly reduced in jowar fed groups, indicating the deficiency of utilisable proteins in these chicks. The blood sugar levels in chicks fed on jowar for 10 and 30 days were significantly higher as compared to the respective controls. Liver glycogen in 10 days jowar fed chicks was significantly greater than in the control group. These observations have been explained to be due to reduced utilization of glucose through glycolysis.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Blood/metabolism , Chickens/metabolism , Edible Grain , Liver/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Chickens/blood , Comb and Wattles/growth & development , Feathers/growth & development , Growth Disorders/etiology , Liver Glycogen/metabolism , Nicotinic Acids/deficiency , Nitrogen/blood , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The recovery pulse and respiration were analysed to determine the level of physical fitness among the physical education and medical students of Banaras Hindu University. The analysis of the data suggested that physical fitness as measured by recovery rate was better in physical education students than in medical students. Following questionnaire method, it has been noted that the daily activity of physical education students was more than the medical students and probably the reason for higher efficiency in them.
Subject(s)
Physical Education and Training , Physical Fitness , Students, Medical , Students , Adult , Heart Rate , Humans , India , Lung Volume Measurements , Male , PulseABSTRACT
The total number of 43 young boys and girls of varying age group between 17-22 years were studied. The levels of blood ketoacids e.g., pyruvate and alphaketoglutarate were estimated spectrophotometrically. The RQ was determined by open circuit method of calorimetry by using Douglas bag for 13 boys and 13 girls and the BMR was estimated by closed circuit method of calorimetry using Collin's metabolex. With the increase of age the RQ and pyruvate were found to increase till the age of 20 years for both the sexes. The increased pyruvate level had a positive correlation with the age for the girls and the alphaketoglutaric acid had no such correlation with age for both the sexes.
