ABSTRACT
This research explored the link between coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence and metropolitan-area level occupational structure among 137 metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas (MMSA) in the United States. Using data from the 2006-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and 2007 County Business Patterns, logistic mixed models were developed to estimate CHD prevalence between MMSAs controlling for individual-level socioeconomic characteristics and various types of occupational structure. Results showed that CHD prevalence was lower in MMSAs where their economy was dominated by 'tourism and resort' and 'the quaternary sector' and higher in MMSAs dominated by 'manufacturing', 'transportation and warehousing', and 'mining'. MMSA-level effects on CHD were found in 'tourism and resort' and 'the quaternary sector' having lower risk and 'mining' having higher risk of CHD. Although these effects prevailed in many MMSAs, some MMSAs did not fit into these effects. Additional analysis indicated a possible link between metropolitan population loss and higher CHD prevalence especially in the coal mining region of the Appalachian Mountains.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , Cities/epidemiology , Cities/statistics & numerical data , Coronary Disease/etiology , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Socioeconomic Factors , United States/epidemiology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The objective of Alabama Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health 2010 is to implement and evaluate a community action plan (CAP) developed by a diverse coalition to reduce breast and cervical cancer screening disparities between African American and White women. METHODS: The CAP entailed (1) establishing a core working group (CWG) in each county, (2) training CWG members to promote screenings, and (3) providing coalition members with technical assistance to write mini-grants. RESULTS: Overall, 241 CWG members were trained. They have conducted 2800 cancer screening surveys. A total of 8 coalition members received mini-grants. CONCLUSION: Community capacity building can lead to a sense of ownership and empowerment.
Subject(s)
Black or African American , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Community Participation , Health Care Coalitions/organization & administration , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , White People , Women's Health/ethnology , Adult , Aged , Alabama/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Community Health Planning/trends , Community Health Workers/education , Community Participation/trends , Community-Institutional Relations , Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic , Female , Health Care Coalitions/trends , Health Education/organization & administration , Health Education/trends , Health Priorities/organization & administration , Health Priorities/trends , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Promotion/trends , Humans , Mammography , Middle Aged , Rural Population , Urban Population , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
Community-based coalitions have become accepted vehicles for addressing complex health problems. Few articles have described the challenges and lessons learned from such a process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to describe the processes involved in building and maintaining the REACH 2010 Alabama Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Coalition (ABCCCC) and 2) to highlight the lessons learned from this venture. Principles from community-based participatory research were used 1) to establish and maintain the ABCCCC, 2) to build coalition capacity, and 3) to develop breast and cervical cancer interventions. Over 95% of our coalition has been maintained over a 7-year period. The ABCCCC received a total of 17 breast and cervical cancer mini-grants. Adherence to ground rules such as exhibiting respect and trust and practicing open communication helped to solidify our partnership. Lessons learned from the ABCCCC can provide others with an in-depth exploration of the processes involved in coalition formation and maintenance.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Community Participation , Health Care Coalitions/organization & administration , Healthy People Programs/organization & administration , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Alabama , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Community-Institutional Relations , Cooperative Behavior , Female , Humans , Male , Medically Underserved Area , Program Development , Quality of Life , Research Support as Topic , Social Change , Socioeconomic Factors , State Government , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & controlABSTRACT
SecE, an essential component of the bacterial SecAYEG translocase, mediates protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. In the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts an SecE homologue, cpSecE, has recently been identified. In this report we show that insertion of cpSecE does not require stromal extract, indicating that signal recognition particle is not involved. Removal of nucleoside triphosphates has apparently no effect on the integration, again ruling out an involvement of SRP or its partner protein, FtsY. The use of well-known inhibitors of the Sec- and Tat pathways, sodium azide and nigericin, respectively, also had no influence on membrane insertion. The data presented here point towards cpSecE as another passenger of a wholly spontaneous import/insertion pathway in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.
