ABSTRACT
Introduction: The new clinical and radiological entity of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is known as the FLAMES syndrome. It will add to the literature and enhance the understanding of this disease. Case presentation: Our case presented a 25-year-old male patient with no known comorbid presented with a generalized sudden headache of moderate intensity for 10 days who came to our hospital. A right-sided upper motor neuron facial palsy was found on the examination. The diagnosis was further confirmed utilizing the MRI scan and the presence of MOG-IgG antibodies. The patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone which lead to improvement of his symptoms. In the follow-up contrast-enhancing MRI of the brain, the findings suggested near resolution as compared to the initial MRI. Discussion: The FLAMES have been categorized as a subtype of the MOGAD. It is commonly found in males as compared to females and the mean age in which it commonly affects is 29 years with the common age group of 11-46 years. The clinical symptoms and physical signs along with the findings of unilateral cortical FLAMES on MRI suggest the distinctive findings of the FLAMES syndrome. Patients commonly present with symptoms like fever, headache, and cortical symptoms like aphasia. Conclusion: There is a dire need of improving the understanding of this clinic-radiographic syndrome which makes it critically important to ensure the timely diagnosis and prompt consideration of the required medications.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the hearing efficiency of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) patients using Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and to correlate between the hearing efficiency and clinical stage of OSF. Material and Methods: Twenty-five patients clinically diagnosed as OSF were evaluated for hearing loss using 'PTA'. Patients were grouped as mild cases and severe cases. Mild cases comprised of Group A and B, and severe cases comprised of Group C and D. Patients suffering from the previous hearing were excluded from the study. The data were submitted to statistical evaluation using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at 5% Results: Out of the total patients, 52.4% were diagnosed as mild cases (Group M) OSF and 47.6% as severe cases (Group S). The analysis of the data of mild cases and severe cases revealed a significant association between advancing stages of OSF and hearing loss (p = 0.026). The cases in Group M after otoscopic evaluation demonstrated no visible ear defect. However, 30% of cases in Group S showed retraction of the tympanic membrane Conclusion: The results indicate an association between stages of OSF and hearing loss. With advancing stages of OSF, there may be involvement of muscles of soft palate namely the levator veli palatine or tensor veli palatine, which may lead to the narrowing of the Eustachian tube leading to a decrease in air conduction demonstrating it as hearing loss of varying degrees depending upon the involvement.
