ABSTRACT
GOALS: We evaluated the validity of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) as a bridging therapy prior to elective Lap-C for the patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). BACKGROUND: The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C) for patients with AC, however, some patients require the preoperative drainage because of inadequate for early Lap-C du to background and comorbidities. STUDY: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from our hospital records from 2018-2021. In total, 71 cases of 61 patients with AC underwent ETGBD. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 85.9%. Patients in the failure group had more complicated branching of the cystic duct. The length of time until feeding was started and until WBC levels normalized, and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the success group. The median waiting period for surgery was 39 days in the ETGBD success cases. The median operating time, amount of bleeding, and length of postoperative hospital stay were 134 min, 83.2g, and 4 days, respectively. In patients who underwent Lap-C, the waiting period for surgery and the operating time were similar between the ETGBD success and failure groups. However, the temporary discharge period after drainage and the length of postoperative hospital stay were significantly longer in the patients with ETGBD failure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that ETGBD has equivalent efficacy prior to elective Lap-C despite some challenges that lower its success rate. Preoperativ ETGBD can improve patient quality of life by eliminating the need for a drainage tube.
Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Cholecystitis, Acute , Humans , Gallbladder/surgery , Tokyo , Retrospective Studies , Quality of Life , Cholecystitis, Acute/surgery , Drainage/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Aryl-substituted o-carboranes have shown highly efficient solid-state emission in previous studies. To demonstrate color tuning of the solid-state emission in an aryl-o-carborane-based system, bis-o-carborane-substituted oligoacenes were synthesized and their properties were systematically investigated. Optical and electrochemical measurements revealed efficient decreases in energy band gaps and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels by adding a number of fused benzene rings for the extension of π-conjugation. As a consequence, bright solid-state emission was observed in the region from blue to near infrared (NIR). Furthermore, various useful features were obtained from the modified o-carboranes as an optical material. The naphthalene derivatives exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and almost 100 % quantum efficiency in the crystalline state. Furthermore, it was shown that the tetracene derivative with NIR-emissive properties had high durability toward photo-bleaching under UV irradiation.
ABSTRACT
The emission process of the o-carborane dyad with anthracene originating from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state in the crystalline state is described. The anthracene-o-carborane dyad was synthesized and its optical properties were investigated. Initially, the dyad had aggregation- and crystallization-induced emission enhancement (AIEE and CIEE) properties via the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. Interestingly, the dyad presented the dual-emissions assigned to both locally excited (LE) and ICT states in solution. From the mechanistic studies and computer calculations, it was indicated that the emission band from the ICT should be attributable to the TICT emission. Surprisingly, even in the crystalline state, the TICT emission was observed. It was proposed from that the compact sphere shape of o-carborane would allow for rotation even in the condensed state.
ABSTRACT
An o-carborane-based anthracene was synthesized, and single crystals, with incorporated solvent molecules, were obtained from the CHCl3 , CH2 Cl2 , and C6 H6 solutions. The anthracene ring in the crystal is highly distorted by the formation of a π-stacked dimer between the anthracene units. The crystals exhibited a variety of emission behaviors such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), crystallization-induced emission (CIE), aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), and multichromism.
