Bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast; a case report with literature review.

Introduction: Carcinoma of breast is a heterogeneous disease. Using their light microscopic appearance, the invasive forms are usually divided into three main types: infiltrating lobular carcinomas, infiltrating ductal carcinomas, and other infiltrating carcinomas. This paper aims to discuss and report a case of bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Case report: A 48-year-old female presented with bilateral breast masses of 5-month duration. On examination. she had bilateral palpable breast masses, which were hard, mobile, and irregular. On the right side, there was skin tethering and palpable axillary lymph nodes. Ultrasound examination showed a heterogeneous, irregular, ill-defined, mass-like lesion, seen in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast along with a hypoechoic. irregular mass 12*13mm in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. FNA showed bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma. Right axillary lymph nodes were positive for adenocarcinoma. She received 4 sessions of NACT which was followed by right-side mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and left-side mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Discussion: Bilateral breast carcinomas are very rare. They form 2-5% of all breast malignancies. About 2-11% of breast cancer patients develop cancer in the opposite breast in their lifetime with an incidence rate varying from 4 to 8 per 1000 people per year. Conclusion: Bilateral carcinoma of the breast is very rare. Microscopically, the findings usually reveal infiltrative ductal carcinoma. The treatment of choice is bilateral modified radical mastectomy.

Outcomes of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in pediatric age group.

INTRODUCTION: The feasibility of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation in pediatric patients has long been documented, but few studies have evaluated the forms and long-term outcomes. The aim of this article is to highlight the types, techniques and outcomes of AVFs in pediatric age group. METHODS: This is multi-center, retrospective, single cohort study, including all the cases of pediatric (less than 18 year old) cases underwent AVF creation during four years (2015-2019). The following data were obtained from the patients' medical records and analyzed; socio-demographics, etiology of renal failure (RF), history of dialysis and transplantation, type and site of AVF, the outcomes and complications. RESULTS: The study included 108 patients, 89 patients (82.4%) were female. The mean age was 13 years. The most common cause of RF was the urological causes which were found in 34 cases (31.5%), followed by nephrotic syndrome (32 cases, 29.6%), glomerulonephritis (27 cases, 25%), and polycystic kidney disease (12 cases, 11.1%). The decision for choosing access site was performed only by clinical examination in 96 patients (88.9%) while duplex ultrasound was requested for 12 cases (11.1%). The operation was done under local anesthesia in 81 cases (75%) and general anesthesia in 27 cases (25%). The procedure was performed in the wrist in 58 cases (53.7%) and in cubital fossa in 50 cases (46.2%). The most common early complication was hematoma (12 cases, 11.1%), followed by ecchymosis (10 cases, 9.3%), infection (8, 7.4%), seroma (4, 3.7%) and thrombosis (3, 2.8%). The one-year primary patency rate was found in 95 patients (88%) and two-year patency rate in 86 patients (79.6%). CONCLUSION: Native AVF in pediatric is the first choice dialysis access even in pediatric population. Radiocephalic in the non-dominant hand is the most preferred site.

Covering a large abdominal wall defect using bilateral anterolateral myocutaneous thigh flap: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Closure of the abdominal wall defect by myocuteous thigh flap is an option. The aim of this paper is to report a case of abdominal wall defect covered by bilateral anterolateral myocutaneous thigh flap. CASE REPORT: A 45-year-old female presented with a large defect in the anterior abdominal wall. It was decided to cover the wound with bilateral anterolateral myocutaneous thigh flap as the defect was so large to be filled with a single flap. Under general anesthesia, a flap was elevated lateral to a line joining mid inguinal point to the lateral epicondyle, the flap was rotated under inguinal skin and sutured to the defect. The procedure was repeated for the contralateral side two weeks later. DISCUSSION: Lower abdominal wall defects can be reconstructed by the use of the combined technique of sublay technique, intraperitoneal mesh placement, pedicled great omentum flap and rotation skin graft, also tensor fascia lata has been proven to be a safe and versatile flap. CONCLUSION: Bilateral anterolateral myocutaneous thigh flap is practical whenever indicated. It is best suited for covering of the lower abdominal defects.

Bilateral inframammary pilonidal sinus: A case report with literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is a chronic inflammatory perianal disorder that rarely occurs outside sacrococcygeal region. The aim of this study is to report an extremely rare case of bilateral inframammary PNS with brief literature review. CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old female presented with a discharging sinuses in both inframammary region for two years. Examination showed multiple discharging sinuses with several centimeters of induration and tenderness. Under general anesthesia, complete excision of the sinuses with primary closure done. Histopathological examinations showed chronic foreign body granuloma surrounding hair shaft pictures consistent with PNS. DISCUSSION: Inframammary PNS has never been reported in the literature. As with intermammary PNS, in this case also it is associated with obesity and large breasts with tight brassieres. Diagnosis is usually clinical. In contrast to sacrococcygeal PNS, operation under general anesthesia is main treatment modality. CONCLUSION: Pilonidal sinus of inframammary region is an extremely rare condition. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. Excision with primary closure is the definitive therapy.

Retroperitoneal lipoma; a benign condition with frightening presentation.

INTRODUCTION: lipoma is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in adults. Its occurrence in the retroperitoneal region is extremely rare. The aim of this study is to report a case of retroperitoneal lipoma with a literature review. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 34-year-old female presented with abdominal distension and severe back pain for one year duration. She also reported weight loss and constipation. The examination revealed asymmetrical abdominal distension and everted umbilicus. There was a big irregular mass occupying the whole abdomen reaching into the xiphisternum, firm in consistency, smooth surface, and well defined borders. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a large retroperitoneal heterogeneous mass. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large well defined hyperechoic mass with fibrous septa extending from the left ovary up to the diaphragm. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a giant clearly demarcated fatty tumor adherent to the retroperitoneal fatty tissues. The histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of the retroperitoneal lipoma. DISCUSSION: Retroperitoneal lipomas have been reported in various age groups; namely children, middle and old age patients. Based on the characteristic radiological features of the tumor, enormous diagnostic work-up is not justified. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal lipoma is a very rare variant of lipoma, presents with various signs and symptoms that may be misleading. Radiologic imaging especially CT scan is the diagnostic tool of choice. Surgical resection is the main modality of management.

Parasitic leiomyoma: A case report with literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Parasitic leiomyoma is an extremely rare variant of uterine leiomyoma occurring outside uterus. The aim of this study is to report a case of parasitic leiomyoma with brief literature report. CASE REPORT: A 46-yearo-old lady presented with upper abdominal heaviness and swelling of about 6year duration. associated with nausea, shortness of breath and palpitation. There was large well defined, mobile, hard mass in epigastric area measuring about 12×10cm. Abdominal ultrasound showed well defined, solid, 94×76mm, mass in the epigastric region. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed round homogenous opacity at the epigastric region with features consistent with benign lesion. Laparotomy was done, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of parasitic leiomyoma. CONCLUSION: Parasitic leiomyoma is an extremely rare subtype of uterine leiomyoma, presents with vague symptoms, diagnosed by ultrasound and managed by complete resection. Previous uterine procedures have been implicated in its etiology.