Indications and outcomes of intraocular Lens Exchange among pseudophakic eyes in a Tertiary Referral Center.

PURPOSE: To determine the indications and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange in pseudophakic patients at Labbafinejad Tertiary Referral Center between 2014 and 2019. METHODS: In this retrospective interventional case series, the medical records of 193 patients with a history of IOL exchange were reviewed. Preoperative data, including clinical characteristics, indications of the first and second IOL implantation, intra- and postoperative complications due to IOL exchange, and the pre-and postoperative refractive error and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were considered the outcome measures in this study. All postoperative data were analyzed at least six months after follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of our participants was 59.13 ± 20.97 years old at the time of the IOL exchange, with a male percentage of 63.2%. The mean follow-up after the IOL exchange was 15.72 ± 16.28 months. The main indications of IOL exchange were IOL decentration (50.3%), corneal decompensation (30.6%), and residual refractive errors (8.3%). 57.10% of patients with the postoperative spherical equivalent at -2.00 diopter (D) to + 2.00D. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.82 ± 0.76 LogMAR before the IOL exchange and was improved to 0.73 ± 0.79 LogMAR after the surgery. Corneal decompensation (6.2%), glaucoma (4.7%), retinal detachment (4.1%), cystoid macular edema (2.1%), and uveitis (1%) were found as the postoperative complications. There was only one case with suprachoroidal hemorrhage during IOL exchange. CONCLUSIONS: IOL decentration followed by corneal decompensation was the most common indication of IOL exchange. After IOL exchange, the most complications during follow-up were corneal decompensation, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and cystoid macular edema.

Comparison of Loteprednol with Fluorometholone after Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and side effects of loteprednol versus fluorometholone after myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: One hundred and twenty four eyes of 62 patients who underwent PRK were enrolled in this study. One eye of each subject was randomized to receive loteprednol 0.5% and the fellow eye was given fluorometholone 0.1%. Patients were followed up for three months. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, corneal haze, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular discomfort and redness between groups at the final visit. At 3 months postoperatively, 20/25 or better UDVA was achieved in 95% of the loteprednol group and 92% of the fluorometholone group (P > 0.05). There was neither visually significant corneal haze nor ocular hypertension (IOP rise > 10 mmHg or IOP > 21 mmHg) in any group. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and side effects of loteprednol 0.5% and fluorometholone 0.1% after myopic PRK are comparable.

Big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty using central vs peripheral air injection: a clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To compare 2 sites of air injection to achieve Descemet membrane (DM) detachment in big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 48 eyes of 48 keratoconus-affected patients who underwent DALK by cornea fellows were enrolled. Each patient was randomly assigned into one of 2 groups. After trephination to approximately 80% of the corneal thickness, a 27-G needle was inserted into the stroma from the trephination site. The needle was moved radially inside the trephination site and advanced to the central or paracentral cornea in group 1. In group 2, the needle was inserted into the deep stroma from the trephination site and advanced into the peripheral cornea to approximately 1.5 mm anterior to the limbus. Air was gently injected into the deep stroma until a big bubble was formed. The rates of DM separation and complications were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Big-bubble formation was successful in 79.2% of the eyes in the study group. A bare DM was achieved by central injection in 68.0% of group 1 and by peripheral injection in 69.6% of group 2 (p = 0.68). This rate was increased to 80.0% and 78.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, after the injection site was shifted when injections failed. The study groups were comparable in terms of complications including DM perforation and bubble bursting. CONCLUSIONS: Both injection sites were equivalent in their rates of big-bubble formation and complications. Less experienced surgeons are advised to initially inject air outside the trephination.

Changes in Corneal Biomechanical Properties After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy.

PURPOSE: To compare corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) before and after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized intrasubject comparative study was conducted on 44 eyes of 22 patients with the diagnosis of PBK who underwent DSAEK in one eye. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer, and central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. The ocular response analyzer was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-related IOP, and cornea-compensated IOP. The same measurements were performed in the normal fellow eyes which served as controls. All measurements were performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 67 ± 14 years. Mean preoperative CH and CRF values in the DSAEK group were 5.77 ± 2.94 and 6.39 ± 2.72 mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those measured in the control group (8.2 ± 2.47 and 8.43 ± 2.49 mm Hg, respectively, P = 0.001 for both comparisons). Postoperatively, CH and CRF demonstrated a significant increase (7.09 ± 3.68 mm Hg, P = 0.05 and 8.21 ± 3.84 mm Hg, P = 0.03, respectively) in operated eyes approaching the normal values measured in the control eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal biomechanical parameters were significantly lower in PBK eyes than in the normal fellow eyes. These metrics significantly increased after DSAEK and reached values measured in the normal fellow eyes.