ABSTRACT
LL-Z1271alpha, a fungal metabolite, dose-dependently inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human whole blood. Oral administration of LL-Z1271alpha to LPS-challenged mice caused significant lowering in the IL-1beta levels in peritoneal cavity. Data presented suggest that LL-Z1271alpha inhibits IL-1beta production by a novel mechanism as the inhibitory activity was not due to effects on caspase-1 (IL-1beta converting enzyme), the ATP-induced release mechanism or a lysosomotrophic effect.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-1/biosynthesis , Terpenes/pharmacology , Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology , Animals , Caspase Inhibitors , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , MiceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of mammographic screening has led to an increased detection of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. The detailed biological characteristics of DCIS and a new classification of DCIS based on these characteristics are needed. METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were performed to assess the expression of c-erbB-2 (ErbB-2), estrogen receptor (ER), p53 and proliferative activity (Ki-67) in 65 patients with pure DCIS and 60 with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We classified pure DCIS tumors using three classifications, the architectural, Nottingham, and Van Nuys classifications. RESULTS: ErbB-2, ER and p53 staining was positive in 34%, 66% and 21% of patients with DCIS, respectively, and 58%, 42% and 33% in patients with IDC, respectively. Ki-67 stained positively in 1.5% of patients with DCIS and 11.2% of patients with IDC. The comedo type showed a high rate of positive ErbB-2 and p53 staining. The cribriform and papillary types showed a high rate of positive ER staining. Under the Van Nuys classification, ErbB-2, p53 and Ki-67 expression were highest in the group with high nuclear grade and lowest in the group with non-high nuclear grade without necrosis. CONCLUSION: Although the biological markers of IDC tended to suggest aggressive behavior more so than those of DCIS, these differences were based on the histological sub-type, comedo or non-comedo. The Van Nuys classification best defined the subgroups of DCIS with a distinct expression pattern of biological markers, and the best candidates for breast-conserving surgery.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Breast Neoplasms/chemistry , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Breast Neoplasms/classification , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/classification , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genes, erbB-2/genetics , Genes, erbB-2/immunology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Ki-67 Antigen/immunology , Middle Aged , Receptors, Estrogen/analysis , Receptors, Estrogen/immunology , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/immunologyABSTRACT
We present a case of acute (blowout) left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) that occurred on the third day after inferior myocardial infarction. Because electromechanical dissociation developed abruptly and pericardiocentesis was no effective, there was no time for establishing a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Emergency thoracotomy and direct closure were successfully performed at the bed-side. We believe that acute type of LVFWR in which initial symptom is electromechanical dissociation without any preceding symptoms can be rescued by emergency thoracotomy and direct closure of the rupture with no aid of CPB provided that the rupture is a small tear located on the anterior, lateral, or even the inferior wall of the left ventricle, if hemodynamical stability is obtained.
