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1.
Public Health ; 208: 98-104, 2022 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35738131

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported the relationship between housing environment and health, although due to cost and effort, it was difficult to conduct housing condition surveys on a large scale. The CASBEE Housing Health Checklist (the Checklist) made it possible to easily evaluate the housing condition from the resident's perspective. This study examined the relationship between housing coldness/warmth evaluation using the Checklist and psychological distress in a large-scale general Japanese population. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: We analysed data from 29,380 people aged ≥20 years who lived in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As an assessment of housing coldness/warmth, we used the Checklist. We classified participants' total scores on the Checklist related to coldness/warmth into quartiles. The Kessler 6 scale was used as an indicator of psychological distress. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjusted OR and P-values for linear trends were calculated using the quartiles of the Checklists' score. RESULTS: Among participants in Q1 (i.e., poorer subjective house condition), the percentage of people with psychological distress was high. Compared to the highest quartile, Q1 showed poorer evaluation of housing coldness/warmth, and higher OR for psychological distress. The OR (95% CI) of psychological distress for Q3, Q2, and Q1 compared with Q4 were 1.93 (1.74-2.14), 2.82 (2.55-3.12), and 5.78 (5.25-6.35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Housing coldness/warmth evaluation was significantly related to psychological distress. This finding suggests that maintaining a comfortable thermal environment at home could be important for residents' mental health.


Subject(s)
Housing , Psychological Distress , Checklist , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Public Health ; 191: 23-30, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33476939

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Coffee consumption can be expected to reduce mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This study tested the hypothesis of an inverse association between coffee intake and all-cause mortality and mortality due to cancer, coronary heart disease, or stroke. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, Japan, enrolling 9946 subjects (men/women: 3870/6,076, age: 19-93 years) from 12 communities. A food frequency questionnaire assessing the subjects' daily coffee consumption was used. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 18.4 years, the total number of deaths was 2024, including 677 for cancer, 238 for coronary heart disease, and 244 for stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Overall, no significant association was shown between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality. In the cause-specific mortality analyses, stroke mortality was significantly lower in those who consumed 1-2 cups of coffee daily (HR [95% CI]: 0.63 [0.42-0.95]) than in those who do not consume coffee, and this association occurred only in men. CONCLUSION: This study showed no significant association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality. A U-shaped association between coffee consumption and stroke mortality with a 37% lower stroke mortality, only significant in men who consume 1-2 cups of coffee daily was observed. It is necessary to examine the possibility of intervention studies to reduce stroke mortality through coffee consumption.


Subject(s)
Coffee/adverse effects , Coronary Disease/mortality , Neoplasms/mortality , Stroke/mortality , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cause of Death , Cohort Studies , Coronary Disease/ethnology , Female , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/ethnology , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Schools, Medical , Stroke/ethnology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
3.
J Affect Disord ; 245: 364-370, 2019 02 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30423463

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study assessed whether a combined intervention of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and psychoeducation better improved mild to moderate depression in workers compared to psychoeducation alone. METHODS: This study was a double-blinded, parallel group, randomized controlled trial that compared the intervention group, receiving omega-3 fatty acids, with a control group, receiving a placebo supplement. Participants receiving omega-3 fatty acids took 15 × 300 mg capsules per day for 12 weeks. The total daily dose of omega-3 PUFAs was 500 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 1000 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The Beck Depression Inventory®-II (BDI-II) was used to assess the severity of depression after treatment. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, BDI-II scores were significantly lower in the placebo and omega-3 group, when compared to their respective baseline scores (Placebo: t = - 4.6, p < 0.01; Omega-3: t = - 7.3, p < 0.01). However, after 12 weeks of treatment, we found no significant difference between both groups with respect to changes in the BDI-II scores (0.7; 95% CI, - 0.7 to 2.1; p = 0.30). LIMITATIONS: This study did not measure blood omega-3 fatty acid concentration and presented a high-dropout rate. Moreover, our results may not be generalizable to other regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and psychoeducation and psychoeducation alone can contribute to an improvement in symptoms in people with mild to moderate depression. However, there is no difference between the interventions in ameliorating symptoms of depression.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/therapy , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use , Psychotherapy/education , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Depression , Dietary Supplements , Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Eicosapentaenoic Acid/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
4.
Occup Med (Lond) ; 66(2): 143-9, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26567288

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases increase the risk of unemployment even in non-disaster settings; therefore, in post-disaster settings, special attention needs to be paid to the employment status of those suffering from chronic diseases. AIMS: To examine the association between chronic disease and the risk of unemployment in a disaster area. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shichigahama Town, Miyagi, north-eastern Japan, where had been severely inundated by the 2011 tsunami. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between undergoing medical treatment for a combination of chronic diseases (stroke, cancer, myocardial infarction and angina) and unemployment risk. Confounders such as psychological distress and levels of daily life activity were considered. RESULTS: Among the 2588 individuals studied, there was a statistically significant association between undergoing medical treatment for chronic disease and the risk of unemployment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.7, P < 0.05]. In participants with a lower degree of psychological distress and better levels of daily life activity (n = 1967), no significant associations were observed (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.1). Conversely, in 536 participants with a higher degree of psychological distress and/or poorer levels of daily life activity, statistically significant associations were found (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.01-6.6, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association between undergoing medical treatment for chronic disease and unemployment risk was observed only in participants with a higher degree of psychological distress and/or poorer levels of daily life activity.


Subject(s)
Chronic Disease/psychology , Health Promotion , Occupational Health , Tsunamis , Unemployment/psychology , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease/rehabilitation , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Employment , Female , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data
5.
Psychol Med ; 45(3): 559-73, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25036366

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The interactive effect of personal factors and social factors upon suicide risk is unclear. We conducted prospective cohort study to investigate whether the impact of the economic crisis in 1997-1998 upon suicide risk differed according to Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits. METHODS: The Miyagi Cohort Study in Japan with a follow-up for 19 years from 1990 to 2008 has 29,432 subjects aged 40-64 years at baseline who completed a questionnaire about various health habits and the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised Short Form in 1990. RESULTS: The suicide mortality rate increased from 4.6 per 100,000 person-years before 1998 to 27.8 after 1998. Although both Neuroticism and Psychoticism were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality during the whole period from 1990 to 2008, the impact of the economic crisis upon suicide risk differed between the Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits. Compared with the lowest category, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest Neuroticism increased from 0.66 before 1998 to 2.45 after 1998. On the other hand, the HRs for the highest Psychoticism decreased from 7.85 before 1998 to 2.05 after 1998. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the 1997-1998 economic crisis upon suicide risk differed according to personality. Suicide risk increased among these with higher Neuroticism after the economic crisis, but this was not the case for other personality subscales.


Subject(s)
Economic Recession/history , Personality , Suicide/trends , Adult , Female , Health Behavior , History, 20th Century , Humans , Japan , Male , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Ann Oncol ; 23(8): 1973-1979, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22473594

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Various risk factors for depression in lung cancer patients have been suggested but have been examined separately in studies with relatively small sample sizes. The present study examined the biopsychosocial risk factors of depression in lung cancer patients, focusing on psychological factors in the largest patient sample reported to date. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1334 consecutively recruited lung cancer patients were selected, and data on cancer-related variables, personal characteristics, health behaviors, physical symptoms, and psychological factors were obtained. The participants were divided into groups with or without depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Among the recruited patients, 165 (12.4%) manifested depression. The results of a binary logistic regression analysis were significant (overall R2, 36.5%), and a greater risk for depression was strongly associated with psychological factors, such as personality characteristics (neuroticism) and coping style (low fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness, and anxious preoccupation). Although the contributions of cancer-related variables, personal characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical state were relatively low, cancer stage, cancer type, sex, and age correlated significantly with depression. CONCLUSION: Depression was most strongly linked with personality traits and coping style, and using screening instruments to identify these factors may be useful for preventive interventions.


Subject(s)
Depression/psychology , Lung Neoplasms/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Risk Factors , Social Class
7.
J Hum Hypertens ; 26(6): 388-95, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21593784

ABSTRACT

Dyslipidaemia is often associated with hypertension, and many clinical trials have shown that lipid-lowering therapy and strict blood pressure (BP) control are important for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few reports describe the effect of statins on CVD occurrence in relation to long-term BP control. In the present analysis, we investigated the effects of baseline BP and follow-up BP control on the occurrence of CVD in patients enrolled in the MEGA Study. We investigated whether BP values provide more accurate prediction of the occurrence of CVD, including cerebrovascular disease/transischemic attack (CVA/TIA), and the effect of pravastatin on CVA/TIA. The risk for CVA/TIA and other CVD increased significantly (P≤0.001) as the severity of hypertension increased. In contrast, pravastatin reduced the onset of CVA/TIA, regardless of the BP controlled. The mean BP was a more accurate predictor of CVD than a one-time BP value. In patients with mild-to-moderate dyslipidaemia, elevated BP increases the risk for CVA/TIA and other CVD, and rigorous BP control was important for preventing CVD, in particular CVA/TIA. The 12-month mean BP is useful to avoid attenuation to determine the association between CVD and BP. Pravastatin prevented CVA/TIA, regardless of BP controlled.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cerebrovascular Disorders/prevention & control , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control , Pravastatin/pharmacology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies
8.
Dig Dis Sci ; 55(5): 1349-55, 2010 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19513836

ABSTRACT

Recently, gastric fundic atrophy is reported to be an independent risk factor for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the acid secretory level in ESCC in a case-control study. From April 2004 to March 2008, 100 consecutive subjects with early ESCC and 100 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls were prospectively enrolled. Gastrin-stimulated acid output was assessed by endoscopic gastrin test. Conditional regression analyses were used to adjust for other potential confounders. Multivariate analyses revealed a strong association between profound hypochlorhydria and ESCC with odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 6.0 (1.9-18.4). The association remained significant after adjusting for the effect of gastric atrophy as a covariate. The association became stronger as the ESCC developed more distal site of the esophagus. This study indicates that profound hypochlorhydria is a strong independent risk factor for ESCC even after adjusting for the influence of gastric atrophy.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology , Gastric Acid/metabolism , Gastritis, Atrophic/complications , Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Pepsinogen A/blood , Prospective Studies , Regression Analysis
9.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 33(4): 490-6, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19223845

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is still unclear whether weight gain from early to late adulthood affects longevity. Furthermore, no study has addressed its association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population. METHODS: We prospectively assessed the association between an increase in body mass index (BMI) category since age 20 years and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Self-reported information pertaining to BMI was collected from 38 080 Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years at study entry in 1994 after exclusion of participants with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m(2) at age 20 years or at study entry. We defined six patterns of increase in BMI category at age 20 years and study entry: stable normal, overweight and obese, normal to overweight or obese, and overweight to obese. RESULTS: During 7 years of follow-up, 2617 participants died. After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality for the pattern of normal weight at age 20 years and obese at study entry and of stable obese compared with stable normal in BMI category, the multivariate HRs (95% confidence interval (CI)) being 1.42 (1.08-1.88) and 2.26 (1.45-3.51), respectively. For the pattern of overweight at age 20 years and obese at study entry, the multivariate hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.35 (0.92-1.98). In contrast, we did not observe an increased risk of all-cause mortality for normal weight at age 20 years and overweight at study entry, and stable overweight. For CVD and cancer mortality, these results were consistently observed. CONCLUSION: We observed an increased risk of all-cause mortality both among participants who had been persistently obese since early adulthood and participants who showed an increase in BMI category from normal to obese, compared with participants with a stable normal BMI category.


Subject(s)
Asian People , Body Weight/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Neoplasms/mortality , Obesity/mortality , Weight Gain/physiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Body Mass Index , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cause of Death , Female , Humans , Longevity/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology , Risk Factors
10.
Br J Cancer ; 99(9): 1502-5, 2008 Nov 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18813313

ABSTRACT

In a prospective study of 23 995 Japanese women, short sleep duration was associated with higher risk of breast cancer (143 cases), compared with women who slept 7 h per day, the multivariate hazard ratio of those who slept

Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Sleep , Adult , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Melatonin/physiology , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk , Time Factors
11.
Br J Cancer ; 99(7): 1179-84, 2008 Oct 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18766189

ABSTRACT

We examined the risk of lung cancer in relation to green tea consumption in a population-based cohort study in Japan among 41,440 men and women, aged 40-79 years, who completed a questionnaire in 1994 regarding green tea consumption and other health-related lifestyle factors. During the follow-up period of 7 years (from 1995 to 2001), 302 cases of lung cancer were identified, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The multivariable-adjusted HRs of lung cancer incidence for green tea consumption of 1 or 2, 3 or 4, and 5 or more cups/day as compared to less than 1 cup/day were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.80-1.62), 1.18 (95% CI: 0.83-1.66), and 1.17 (95% CI: 0.85-1.61), respectively (P for trend=0.48). This cohort study has found no evidence that green tea consumption is associated with lung cancer.


Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Tea , Adult , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
12.
Br J Cancer ; 99(1): 176-8, 2008 Jul 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18542076

ABSTRACT

In a prospective study of prostate cancer incidence (127 cases), among 22 320 Japanese men, sleep duration was associated with lower risk; the multivariate hazard ratio of men who slept >or=9 h per day compared with those who slept less was 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.79, P for trend=0.02).


Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Sleep , Aged , Humans , Incidence , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology , Risk Factors , Time Factors
13.
Int Psychogeriatr ; 19(1): 77-88, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16970832

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and the utility of the Japanese version of the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J) in the context of detecting suicidal ideation in elderly community residents. METHODS: A sample of 696 subjects aged 70 years or over who completed a set of questionnaires was examined. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and Loevinger's coefficient was 0.64. The total score was significantly correlated with the number of cohabitants, the number of physical illnesses, physical functioning, instrumental activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms. Subjects with suicidal ideation had significantly lower scores on the WHO-5-J. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the scale significantly discriminated the subjects with suicidal ideation. When combined with the assessment of a lack of perceived social support (PSS), a standard cut-off criterion of "a total score < or = 12 or answering 0 or 1 to any of the five items" more appropriately identified elderly subjects with suicidal ideation: sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 75%, negative predictive value = 99%, and positive predictive value = 10%. CONCLUSIONS: In combination with PSS, the scale has predictive utility to detect suicidal ideation in elderly community residents.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Language , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Aged , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Demography , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Female , Health Status , Humans , Japan , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Social Support , World Health Organization
14.
Br J Cancer ; 95(2): 146-52, 2006 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16819543

ABSTRACT

We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study in Denmark to investigate associations between the personality traits and cancer survival. Between 1976 and 1977, 1020 residents of the Copenhagen County completed a questionnaire eliciting information on personality traits and various health habits. The personality traits extraversion and neuroticism were measured using the short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Follow-up in the Danish Cancer Registry for 1976-2002 revealed 189 incidents of primary cancer and follow-up for death from the date of the cancer diagnosis until 2005 revealed 82 deaths from all-cause in this group. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of death from all-cause according to extraversion and neuroticism adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant association was found between neuroticism and risk of death (HR, 2.3 (95% CI=1.1-4.7); Linear trend P=0.04) but not between extraversion and risk of death (HR, 0.9 (0.4-1.7); Linear trend P=0.34). Similar results were found when using cancer-related death. Stratification by gender revealed a strong positive association between neuroticism and the risk of death among women (Linear trend P=0.03). This study showed that neuroticism is negatively [corrected] associated with cancer survival. Further research on neuroticism and cancer survival is needed.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/psychology , Personality , Age Distribution , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Denmark/epidemiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Habits , Health Behavior , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neurotic Disorders/diagnosis , Neurotic Disorders/epidemiology , Neurotic Disorders/psychology , Personality Assessment , Personality Inventory , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk , Sex Distribution , Survival Analysis
15.
Br J Cancer ; 95(3): 371-3, 2006 Aug 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16804523

ABSTRACT

In a prospective study of 19,561 Japanese men, green-tea intake was not associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (110 cases), the multivariate hazard ratio for men drinking > or =5 cups compared with <1 cup per day being 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.50-1.43, trend P = 0.81).


Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tea , Cohort Studies , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diet therapy , Risk , Risk Factors
16.
Br J Cancer ; 92(11): 2089-94, 2005 Jun 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15900301

ABSTRACT

We tested the hypothesis that personality plays a role in cancer outcome in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. In July 1990, 41 442 residents of Japan completed a short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and a questionnaire on various health habits, and between January 1993 and December 1997, 890 incident cases of cancer were identified among them. These 890 cases were followed up until March 2001, and a total of 356 deaths from all causes was identified among them. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death according to four score levels on each of four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Multivariable HRs of deaths from all causes for individuals in the highest score level on each personality subscale compared with those at the lowest level were 1.0 for extraversion (95% CI=0.8-1.4; Trend P=0.73), 1.1 for neuroticism (0.8-1.6; Trend P=0.24), 1.2 for psychoticism (0.9-1.6; Trend P=0.29), and 1.0 for lie (0.7-1.5; Trend P=0.90). The data obtained in this population-based prospective cohort study in Japan do not support the hypothesis that personality is associated with cancer survival.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/psychology , Personality , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Japan , Male , Middle Aged , Personality Inventory , Prognosis , Survival Analysis
17.
Eur J Cancer Prev ; 14(2): 169-74, 2005 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15785321

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of total cancer, and to estimate the proportion of total cancer attributable to drinking habit in Japanese men. From June through August 1990, a total of 21 201 Japanese men completed a self-administered questionnaire on various health habits, including alcohol consumption. During 153 389 person-years of follow-up through December 1997, we identified a total of 882 cases of cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the relative risk of total cancer according to categories of alcohol consumption. The risk for total cancer was significantly higher in ex-drinkers than never-drinkers. There was a dose-response relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and the risk of total cancer among current drinkers: multivariate RRs in reference to never-drinkers (95% confidence intervals (CI)) were 1.1 (0.8-1.3), 1.3 (1.0-1.7), and 1.3 (1.1-1.7) in current drinkers who consumed less than 22.8 g, 22.8-45.5 g, 45.6 g or more alcohol per day, respectively (P for trend <0.001). Estimated 17.9% (95% CI 3.1-30.5) of total cancer risk was attributable to drinking habit. In our findings, approximately 20% of the total cancer cases in Japanese men may be prevented by alcohol control.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/etiology , Adult , Cohort Studies , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors
18.
Eur J Cancer ; 40(14): 2109-15, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15341986

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between constipation or laxative use and the risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men and women. In 1990, we delivered a self-administered questionnaire to 41670 subjects who were 40-64 years old. During the seven years of follow-up, 251 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. Constipation was defined as a bowel movement frequency of less than daily. The multivariate relative risk (RR) of colorectal cancer for constipated subjects compared with those with daily bowel movements was 1.35 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.99-1.84). The RR for laxative users over non-users was 1.31 (0.88-1.95), and for frequent users (twice a week or more) it was 2.75 (1.48-5.09). When colorectal cancers were divided into colon cancers or rectal cancers, a significant association was found with colon cancer alone. Our results support the hypothesis that constipation or laxative use increases the risk of colon cancer.


Subject(s)
Cathartics/therapeutic use , Colonic Neoplasms/etiology , Constipation/drug therapy , Adult , Cathartics/adverse effects , Constipation/complications , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
19.
Br J Cancer ; 90(7): 1361-3, 2004 Apr 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15054454

ABSTRACT

In a pooled analysis of two prospective studies with 35004 Japanese women, green-tea intake was not associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (222 cases), the multivariate relative risk for women drinking >or=5 cups compared with <1 cup per day being 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.57-1.24, Trend P=0.69).


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Tea , Adult , Anticarcinogenic Agents , Confidence Intervals , Feeding Behavior , Female , Humans , Japan , Prospective Studies , Risk
20.
Cell Tissue Res ; 306(2): 217-29, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11702233

ABSTRACT

Developmental changes in the distribution of brain-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, neurocan and phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta, in the hippocampus of the Sprague-Dawley rat were examined using monoclonal antibodies 1G2 and 6B4. The 1G2 immunoreactivity was predominant in the neonatal hippocampus while the 6B4 immunoreactivity was predominant in the mature hippocampus. Moderate 1G2 immunoreactivity was detected in the dentate gyrus and subiculum immediately after birth. Immunoreactivity reached a peak on postnatal days 7-10 (P7-P10) when intense 1G2 labeling was present throughout the neuropil layers of the hippocampus except the mossy fiber tract. 6B4 immunoreactivity was limited in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CA1 in the neonatal hippocampus. It gradually increased by P21 when diffuse 6B4 immunoreactivity was detected in the stratum oriens and radiatum of Ammon's horn, and in the hilus and inner one-third molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, while 1G2 immunoreactivity decreased after P21. In the adult hippocampus, moderate 6B4 immunoreactivity was present in the stratum oriens and radiatum of Ammon's horn, and in the hilus and inner one-third molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, but not in the mossy fiber tract. In addition, strong 6B4 labeling appeared around a subset of neurons after P21. The results suggest that neurocan may have a role in the development of neuronal organization, while phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta may contribute to the maintenance and plasticity of synaptic structure and function. Furthermore, the absence of 1G2 and 6B4 immunoreactivities in the stratum lucidum suggests that neurocan and phosphacan/RPTPzeta/beta may function as a barrier for the extension of mossy fibers and provide an environment permissive for fasciculation of the mossy fibers.


Subject(s)
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/biosynthesis , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Hippocampus/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis , Neurons/metabolism , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies/metabolism , Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics , Female , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Hippocampus/cytology , Hippocampus/growth & development , Immunohistochemistry , Lectins, C-Type , Male , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Neurocan , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5
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