ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To reduce use of main feed ingredient like corn, soy bean meal (SBM) and wheat, alternative ingredients has been studied like copra meal (CM). Production amount of CM which has been high makes CM to be an alternative feed stuff. However, low digestibility on AA and low energy content by high fiber content can be an obstacle for using CM. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of CM supplementation with ß-mannanase on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, pork quality and economic analysis in growing-finishing pigs. METHODS: A total of 100 growing pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) averaging 31.22 ± 2.04 kg body weight were allotted to 5 different treatments by weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in 5 replicate with 4 pigs per pen. Treatments were 1) Control (corn-SBM based diet + 0.1% of ß-mannanase (800 IU)), 2) CM10 (10% copra meal + 0.1% ß-mannanase (800 IU)), 3) CM15 (15% copra meal + 0.1% ß-mannanase (800 IU)), 4) CM20 (20% copra meal + 0.1% ß-mannanase (800 IU)) and 5) CM25 (25% copra meal + 0.1% ß-mannanase (800 IU)). Four phase feeding program was used: growing I (week 1-3), growing II (week 4-6), finishing I (week 7-9) and finishing II (week 10-12). RESULTS: In growth performance, there was no significant difference among treatments during whole experimental period. In growingI phase, G:F ratio tended to increase when CM was increased (P = 0.05), but ADG and ADFI tended to decrease in finishingII phase (linear, P = 0.08). Also, increasing CM reduced ADG (linear, P = 0.02) and feed efficiency (linear, P = 0.08) during the whole finishing period. In blood profiles, BUN was linearly increased as CM increased (linear, P = 0.02) at growingII period. In digestibility trial, there was no significant difference in dry matter, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen digestibility. However, crude protein digestibility was decreased linearly (linear, P = 0.02). In economic analysis, feed cost per weight gain and total feed cost per pig were reduced in overall period when CM was provided by 25% (linear, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: CM with 0.1% of ß-mannanase (800 IU) could be supplemented instead of corn and SBM up to 25% without detrimental effects on growth performance and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (CIDP) is less well-studied in children than in adults, probably due to its relative rarity. This study was performed in order to characterize the clinical features of CIDP in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with CIDP who were followed up for more than 1 year were included, and were divided into a child (n = 7, age <16) and an adult group (n = 21, age >or=16). Then, we have assessed the initial progression pattern, clinical course, and serial nerve conduction findings in each patient. Finally, differential features in child and adult group were analyzed. RESULTS: Distinguishing features in the child group include subacute progression within less than 2 months, predominant motor system involvement in lower extremities, and marked improvement in response to immune modulating therapy. Our study also suggested that serial nerve conduction study may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment in children. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that children with CIDP have some distinguishing features from adults in terms of clinical course and response to treatment.
