Effect of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence and self-efficacy of adolescents with asthma: A randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: This study examined the short-term effect of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence and self-efficacy of adolescents with asthma. DESIGN: The randomized controlled trial. METHOD: In this study, 72 adolescents with asthma were recruited and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. In the experimental group, the motivational interviewing was performed for five weekly sessions lasting 80-90 min. The treatment adherence and self-efficacy questionnaires were completed before the intervention, 2 weeks and 3 months after the intervention in both groups. Data were analysed by Chi-Square test, independent samples T-test, repeated measures of Wilcoxon and generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: The treatment adherence was found to be significantly higher 2 weeks (p = 0.006) and 3 months after the intervention (p = 0.04) in the experimental group than the control group. In addition, the degree of self-efficacy was significantly more in the experimental group 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 3 months later (p < 0.001) than the control group. The result of generalized estimating equation showed that the intervention group had an average of 14.44 more self-efficacy points than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, treatment adherence in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (ß = 6.14, p = 0.05(. CONCLUSION: This study adds to the evidence for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in treatment of adolescents with asthma.

Susceptibility to preeclampsia is associated with a 50-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism at the promoter region of the SOD1 gene

Objective: There is much evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). A 50 bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) functional polymorphism in the promoter region of SOD1 has been reported. Due to a total lack of data, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the SOD1 (Ins/Del) polymorphism and the risk of PE. Material and Methods: The current hospital-based case-control study included a total of 172 preeclamptic and 171 non-preeclamptic pregnancies. Genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the Del/Del genotype significantly correlated with susceptibility to PE [odds ratio (OR): 6.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-29.7, p=0.015]. Since maternal body mass index, family history of PE in first degree relatives, and educational levels were statistically associated with the susceptibility to PE, further analyses were carried out in order to estimate the adjusted ORs. After adjustment for aforementioned variables, the Del/Del genotype increased the risk of PE (OR: 5.98, 95% CI: 1.21-29.5, p=0.028). Conclusion: The 50 bp Ins/Del in promoter region of the SOD1 gene could be an intriguing susceptibility factor for developing preeclampsia in Iranian Caucasians.