ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare disease, and tumor-like primary angiitis of the central nervous system is even rarer. Histopathology is the gold standard for tumor-mimicking PACNS. However, pathological diagnosis is relatively limited due to fewer biopsy opportunities. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male presented with ataxia, and was diagnosed with tumor-like primary angiitis of the central nervous system. The patient underwent Intravenous drip glucocorticoid therapy (10 mg of dexamethasone, daily). After 10 days, the symptoms of the patient were completely relieved. Radiology revealed that the low density lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere obviously narrowed. Cyclophosphamide therapy was not initiated. CONCLUSION: It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of changes in radiology that indicate PACNS, since the diagnosis of tumor-like PACNS remains quite challenging. Glucocorticoid therapy is an effective therapy in this condition, and the prognosis can be favorable.
Subject(s)
Ataxia/etiology , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/drug therapy , Aged , Ataxia/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellum/pathology , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Prognosis , Treatment Outcome , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/complications , Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Angiogenesis refers to new capillaries that sprout and remold from existing vessels. The mechanism of angiogenesis is very complex. Many factors promote angiogenesis in the body, and many factors inhibit angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is closely correlated to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in its positive feedback mechanism. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance of the internal oxidation system and antioxidant system, which is correlated to the cause and prognosis of many vascular diseases, and can be used as a biomarker for these diseases. At the same time, good regulation of oxidative stress can promote angiogenesis and tissue repair. Therefore, the present study summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress and angiogenesis, and new progress, and discusses the effect and mechanism of oxidative stress on angiogenesis.
Subject(s)
Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Animals , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Humans , Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapyABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) represent recurrent autoimmune diseases, generally beginning with optic nerve neuritis or acute transverse myelitis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 57-year-old male with long-term alcohol intake was hospitalized because of limb numbness. EMG examination showed the peripheral sensory nerve was in demyelination and an axonal injury was found. His symptoms could not be improved by vitamin B injection but were later significantly attenuated by dexamethasone treatment. Four months later, symptoms of optic neuritis in the left eye appeared, and 6 months later he exhibited peripheral neuropathy with acute myelitis. DIAGNOSES: He was diagnosed NMOSD. OUTCOMES: Immunotherapy improved his peripheral neuropathy and myelitis symptoms. LESSONS: NMOSD patients could represent peripheral neuropathy as the first episode.
Subject(s)
Immunotherapy/methods , Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnosis , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/complications , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Neuromyelitis Optica/complications , Neuromyelitis Optica/therapy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify candidate genes and explore the molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exon microarray data composed by of three human entorhinal cortex samples of AD patients and three non-demented controls (NDC) were analyzed, then expression profile data were preprocessed with the Oligo package and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package in R/Bioconductor. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was predicted and constructed using the STRING database. Finally, gene ontology (GO)-biological processes (BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched by DEGs were recognized. A total of 124 up-regulated and 218 down-regulated genes were identified. TGF-beta-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 (TAB 2) and chromogranin B (secretogranin 1) (CHGB) were the significantly up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, DEGs of DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1 (DNAJB1) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A (HSPA1A) were in the up-regulated network, while synaptophysin (SYP) and somatostatin (SST) were in the down-regulated network. Furthermore, the up-regulated genes were enriched in GO-BP terms of protein stimulus, unfolding and organic substance, etc., and pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, etc. The down-regulated genes were mainly associated with nerve-related transmission and neuroactive substances transportation. Protein folding abnormality and altered synaptic transmission could have a synergistic effect on the pathomechanism of AD. DEGs including DNAJB1 and HSPA1A may be involved in both the processes, while CHGB, SYP and SST may be important for the regulation of synaptic transmission to contribute to the progress and development of AD.
