Effect of lung recruitment maneuvers combined with individualized positive end-expiratory pressure on degree of postoperative atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of lung recruitment maneuvers combined with individualized positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) on the degree of postoperative atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:One hundred and forty-three elderly patients, aged ≥65 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery, were assigned to either individualized PEEP combined with recruitment maneuvers (group Ⅱ) or fixed PEEP (group Ⅰ) using a random number table method. PEEP was maintained at 6 cmH 2O starting from the beginning of procedure until the end of the procedure in group I. Individualized PEEP titration was performed after induction of anesthesia in group Ⅱ. The primary outcome measure was the 12-zone lung ultrasound score at 15 min after tracheal extubation. Other outcome measures were the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications within 7 days after surgery, Quality of Recovery-15 scale score on 3rd day after surgery, rate of unplanned admission to intensive care units, length of hospital stay, incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia, usage rate of intraoperative vasoactive drugs, and incidence of postoperative hypotension. Results:Compared with group Ⅰ, the lung ultrasound score, driving pressure and postoperative pulmonary complications were significantly decreased, the dynamic lung compliance was increased ( P<0.05 or 0.01), and no significant changes were found in the other parameters in group Ⅱ ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Individualized PEEP combined with recruitment maneuvers can reduce the degree of postoperative atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Research progress of anti-inflammatory therapy for atherosclerosis / 中华神经科杂志

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. In clinical practice, the main intervention target is to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Recent clinical data of several new lipid lowering drugs in the "post statin era" show that despite the use of high-intensity lipid lowering therapy, a large number of patients still have "residual inflammatory risk". In fact, in recent years, a large number of clinical studies have shown that anti-inflammatory treatment can effectively reduce the clinical complications of atherosclerosis, but it is also found that directly targeting/blocking inflammation may lead to increased immunosuppression or infection probability. Inflammation is a complex network involving the activation of multiple inflammatory cells, the release of inflammatory factors and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, it is necessary and significant to find effective and safe anti-inflammatory targets. Existing clinical evidence shows that targeting NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/interleukin-1β/interleukin-6/hypersensitive-C-reactive protein pathway is an effective intervention target. In addition, targeted adaptive immunity, chemokines, and the release of proinflammatory regression mediators also show anti atherosclerosis effects. This article will summarize the latest progress in anti-inflammatory treatment of atherosclerosis in recent years, including the latest clinical research and the important progress still in the basic research stage, and look forward to the broad prospects of anti-inflammatory treatment of atherosclerosis.

Prokaryotic expression, subcellular localization and enzymatic activity analysis of DXS gene from Platycodon grandiflorum / 药学学报

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), the first key enzyme in 2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, catalyzes the condensation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with pyruvate to 1-deoxy-xylose-5-phosphate (DXP). In this study, PgDXS1, PgDXS2, and PgDXS3 genes were cloned from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (P. grandiflorum). The open reading frame (ORF) of PgDXS1, PgDXS2, and PgDXS3 were 2 160, 2 208, and 2 151 bp in full length, encoding 719, 735, and 716 amino acids, respectively. Homologous alignment results showed a high identity of PgDXSs with DXS in Hevea brasiliensis, Datura stramonium and Stevia rebaudiana. The recombinant expression plasmids of pET-28a-PgDXSs were constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) cells, and the induced proteins were successfully expressed. Subcellular localization results showed that PgDXS1 and PgDXS2 were mainly located in chloroplasts, and PgDXS3 was located in chloroplasts, nucleus and cytoplasm. The expression of three DXS genes in different tissues of two producing areas of P. grandiflorum were assayed via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results showed that all of them were highly expressed in leaves of P. grandiflorum from Taihe. Under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, the expression levels of three PgDXS genes showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing at different time points (3 - 48 h), and the activity of DXS showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in three tissues of P. grandiflorum. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of PgDXS in terpenoid synthesis pathway in P. grandiflorum.

Motion-aligned 4D-MRI reconstruction using higher degree total variation and locally low-rank regularization.

Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) is becoming increasingly important in radiotherapy treatment planning for its ability to simultaneously provide 3D structural information and temporal profiles of the examined tissues in a non-ionizing manner. However, the relatively long acquisition time and the resulting motion artifacts severely limit the further application of 4D-MRI. In this paper, we propose a novel motion-aligned reconstruction method based on higher degree total variation and locally low-rank regularization (maHDTV-LLR) to recover 4D MR images from the highly undersampled Fourier coefficients. Specifically, we propose a two-stage reconstruction framework alternating between a motion alignment step and a regularized optimization reconstruction step. Moreover, we incorporate the 3D-HDTV and the locally low-rank penalties into a unified framework to simultaneously exploit the spatial and temporal correlation of the 4D-MRI data. A fast alternating minimization algorithm based on variable splitting is utilized to solve the optimization problem efficiently. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in the context of 4D cardiac and abdominal MR images reconstruction with high undersampling factors. Numerical results show that the proposed method enables accelerated 4D-MRI with improved image quality and reduced artifacts.

M2 macrophagy-derived exosomal miRNA-26a-5p induces osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have always been a heated research topic in bone tissue regeneration and repair because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. A large number of studies have been focused on finding the inducing factors that will promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes or miRNA-26a-5p can make it work, but the function of this kind of substance on cell osteogenic differentiation has not been public. METHODS: M2 macrophages are obtained from IL-4 polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, and DLS. Chondrogenic differentiation potential was detected by Alcian blue staining. Oil red O staining was used to detect the potential for lipogenic differentiation. And MTT would detect the proliferative capacity of cells. Western blot was performed to detect differential expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins. RESULTS: The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes will promote bone differentiation and at the same time inhibit lipid differentiation. In addition, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes have the function of promoting the expression of SOX and Aggrecan suppressing the level of MMP13. The exosome inhibitor GW4689 suppresses miRNA-26a-5p in M2 macrophage exosomes, and the treated exosomes do not play an important role in promoting bone differentiation. Moreover, miRNA-26a-5p can enable to promote bone differentiation and inhibit lipid differentiation. miRNA-26a-5p can promote the expression of ALP (alkaline phosphatase), RUNX-2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), OPN(osteopontin), and Col-2(collagen type II). Therefore, it is speculated that exosomal miRNA-26a-5p is indispensable in osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes carrying miRNA-26a-5p can induce osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to inhibit lipogenic differentiation, and miRNA-26a-5p will also promote the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins ALP, RUNX-2, OPN, and Col-2.

Pathological components of thrombi retrieved with endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EMT) has become the main treatment of acute ischemic stroke, but the pathological study of thrombi retrieved with EMT is still very limited. This article reviews the routine staining, special components, expression of immune factors, electron microscopic morphology, imaging features of the pathological components of thrombi retrieved with EMT, and their correlation with the etiological differentiation and outcomes of stroke.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg_1 aganist diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 diabetic mice / 中国中药杂志

Ginsenoside Rg_1, one of the main active components of precious traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, has the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, neuroprotection, and other pharmacological effects. Diabetic retinopathy(DR), the most common complication of diabetes, is also the main cause of impaired vision and blindness in the middle-aged and the elderly. The latest research shows that ginsenoside Rg_1 can protect patients against DR, but the protection and the mechanism are rarely studied. This study mainly explored the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg_1 against DR in type 2 diabetic mice and the mechanism. High fat diet(HFD) and streptozotocin(STZ) were used to induce type 2 diabetes in mice, and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe pathological changes in the retina of mice. The immunohistochemistry was applied to study the localization and expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3(NLRP3) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in retina, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), transient receptor potential channel protein 6(TRPC6), nuclear factor of activated T-cell 2(NFAT2), and VEGF in retina. The results showed that ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly alleviated the pathological injury of retina in type 2 diabetic mice. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 and VEGF in retinal ganglion cells, middle plexiform layer, and outer plexiform layer in type 2 diabetic mice. According to the Western blot results, ginsenoside Rg_1 significantly lowered the expression of p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, TRPC6, NFAT2, and VEGF in retina of type 2 diabetic mice. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg_1 can significantly alleviate DR in type 2 diabetic mice, which may be related to inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and VEGF. This study provides experimental evidence for the clinical application of ginsenoside Rg_1 in the treatment of DR.

Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages Exert a Therapeutic Effect via Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritic.

Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages are obtained by stimulation of IL-4 with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effects. Exosomes are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells and have a variety of biological functions. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can influence the course of some autoimmune diseases, but their effect on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has not been reported. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2 macrophage phenotypes in KOA rats. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and DLS. The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the inflammatory response and pathological damage of articular cartilage in KOA rats. In addition, a key protein associated with KOA including Aggrecan, Col-10, SOX6, and Runx2 was significantly increased, while MMP-13 was significantly suppressed following treatment with M2 macrophage exosomes. The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on KOA rats mainly mediated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of KOA.

Relationship between preoperative frailty and postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative frailty and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:The elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University were collected.The general data, frailty status, parameters of blood and operation-related parameters were recorded.The patients were divided into PPC group and non-PPC group according to whether PPCs occurred during hospitalization, and the differences between the parameters were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for PPCs.Stratification analysis and interaction test were used to further analyze the relationship between frailty and PPCs.Results:A total of 298 elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were included in this study, and the incidence of PPCs was 22.8%.Compared with non-PPC group, the albumin and FEV 1/FVC were decreased, and age, blood creatinine, ratio of diabetes mellitus, ratio of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and rate of preoperative frailty were significantly increased in PPC group ( P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that COPD and preoperative frailty were independent risk factors for PPCs.After adjusting all the risk variables, the frail patients had a 171% increased risk of PPCs compared with non-frail patients ( OR value=2.71, 95%CI: 1.18-4.73, P<0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that body mass index and operation time had effect modification on the association between frailty and PPCs (interaction P<0.05). Conclusion:COPD and preoperative frailty are independent risk factors for PPCs in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy, and the frail patients with obesity or long operation time are at higher risk of PPCs.

Pyrolysis of Biomass Impregnated With Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate for Polygeneration of Phenol and Supercapacitor Electrode Material.

A new method was proposed for polygeneration of phenol and supercapacitor electrode material from pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). The pyrolysis experiments were executed to demonstrate the product distributions under different NH4H2PO4-to-poplar (PA-to-PL) ratios and pyrolysis temperatures in a lab-scale device. The results revealed that the phenol yield attained its optimal value of 4.57 wt% with a satisfactory selectivity of 20.09% at 500°C under PA-to-PL ratio of 0.6. The pyrolytic solid product obtained at this condition was then subjected to high temperature activation directly without additional activators to prepare N and P co-doped activated carbon (NPAC) as supercapacitor. The physicochemical analysis of NPAC showed that the N and P contents in NPAC reached 3.75 and 3.65 wt%, respectively. The electrochemical experiments executed in a three-electrode system indicated that the NPAC exhibited promising electrochemical performance with a satisfactory capacitance of 181.3 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.

Predictive value of recurrence risk evaluation scale combined with inflammatory markers in the recurrence risk of cerebral infarction / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the predictive value of the recurrence risk estimator at 90-days(RRE-90) score combined with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in the recurrence risk of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.Methods:Totally 400 patients with acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction who were hospitalized for the first time in neurology department were followed up for 90 days.However, 8 cases were lost and 392 cases were included finally.According to recurrence or not, 64 cases were divided into recurrence group and 328 cases into non-recurrence group.The RRE-90 score was applied to all the participants and the levels of Lp-PLA2 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of hs-CRP was detected by immunoturbidimetry.The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of RRE-90 score combined with Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP for the recurrence risk of acute cerebral infarction.Results:Compared with the non-recurrence group(RRE-90: (3.07±1.01)score, Lp-PLA2: (103.53±8.11)μg/L, hs-CRP: (4.07±1.48)mg/L), the levels of (RRE-90 score: (4.11±0.78)score, Lp-PLA2: (121.52±13.95)μg/L, hs-CRP: (12.40±2.46) mg/L)in the recurrence group of cerebral infarction were significantly higher ( P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with RRE-90 score (0.705), Lp-PLA2 (0.697), hs-CRP (0.622), RRE-90 score combined with Lp-PLA2 (0.752), RRE-90 score combined with hs-CRP (0.746), RRE-90 score combined with Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP (0.782) had the largest area under the curve for predicting recurrence of cerebral infarction within 90 days, with statistical significance( P<0.05), sensitivity was 87.8%, specificity was 89.6%. Conclusion:RRE-90 score combined with Lp-PLA2 and hs-CRP detection can further improve the accuracy of predicting recurrence within 90 days in patients with cerebral atherosclerotic infarction, and the predictive value is high.

Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of soy sauce residue with HZSM-5 for co-production of aromatic hydrocarbons and supercapacitor materials.

A promising approach is proposed for the efficient conversion of soy sauce residue (SSR) into aromatic hydrocarbons and a supercapacitor electrode material by ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) technology with HZSM-5. The thermal decomposition behaviors of SSR were first investigated via thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses. The ex situ CFP of SSR was conducted to elucidate the aromatic hydrocarbons production under different pyrolysis temperatures and HZSM-5-to-SSR (HZ-to-SSR) ratios using both Py-GC/MS and lab-scale instruments. The results indicated that the aromatic hydrocarbons reached the maximal yields of 22.20 wt% from Py-GC/MS with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 11 at 650 °C, and 17.61 wt% from the lab-scale device with an HZ-to-SSR ratio of 2, respectively. The as-obtained yield of aromatic hydrocarbons was far higher than those obtained from typical lignocellulosic biomass materials, confirming that SSR is a promising material for aromatics production. The pyrolytic solid product collected with this method was further activated by KOH to synthesize N-doped activated carbon (NAC) for supercapacitors. The physicochemical analysis showed that NAC possessed N-incorporated hierarchical pores, and exhibited a promising capacitance of 274.5 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.

Effects of gaseous agents on the evolution of char physical and chemical structures during biomass gasification.

Bio-char samples were prepared from gasification of corn straw under N2, CO2 and H2O conditions, and systematically characterized to reveal the effects of gaseous agents on the evolution of char structural features during the gasification process. The results showed that the increase of reacting temperature had positive effects on the gasification of char in both H2O and CO2 atmospheres. The evolution of char pore structures under H2O and CO2 was quite different. The formation of micropores was facilitated by CO2, while mesopores and macropores were developed more in H2O condition. Besides, char structures obtained at 800 °C were more ordered than those obtained at 600 °C. Compared with the longitudinal merging, the aromatic layers preferred to grow laterally. Moreover, the mechanisms of gasification between char and gaseous agents were different. CO2 preferred to react with amorphous carbon, while the cross-linked carbon was more likely to be consumed during char gasification with H2O.

[Investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical students].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical college students, so as to provide the evidence for the development of strategies on health education. METHODS: A total of 929 premed students from a medical college were selected in Hebei Province using the stratified sampling method from October to December, 2017, and investigated by questionnaires to understand their KAP on foodborne parasitic diseases. RESULTS: The understanding and concern degree on foodborne parasitic diseases among the college students from different majors were statistically different (all P < 0.05), the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the non-medical students were lower than those of the medical students, and the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the students who had received medical parasitology education were higher than those who had not received. For the formation rate of not prefer seeking novelty, there was a statistically significant difference among the college students in different majors (P < 0.05), and the rate of health behavior formation in non-medical students was relatively low. There were statistically significant differences among the students from different majors in the attitude on "would suggest others not to eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", "would not eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", and "would give up special preferences or bad habits" (all P < 0.05), and the formation rate of correct attitude of medical students was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: The awareness rate and the formation rates of correct attitude and behavior of the college students who have received medical parasitology education are relatively higher, so it is necessary to set up a course on foodborne parasitic diseases in colleges and universities.

Analysis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated by microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficiency and feasibility for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellularcarcinoma treated by percutaneous microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization.METHODS: Theclinical data of 84 consecutive patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous microwaveablation in Department of Interventional Ultrasonography,Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 1, 2017 to June1, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three-dimensional reconstruction group(30 patients,49 tumors)and normal group(54 patients,111 tumors)according to whether evaluated by three-dimensionalvisualization. Treatment related indicators and the prognosis were compared. Preoperative total liver volume,tumorvolume,planning ablation volume,postoperative total liver volume and ablation volume were computed via three-dimensional visualization system in three-dimensional reconstruction group. Furthermore,the preoperative planningablation volume and actual postoperative ablation volume were compared between the two group.RESULTS: All patientsaccomplished the procedure of percutaneous microwave ablation. The maximal diameter of tumor was(4.3±1.0)cm,andthe follow-up period was 10(2-19) months. The three-dimensional reconstruction group and normal group had nosignificant differences in major complications rate(6.7% vs. 9.3%), overall survival rate(100% vs. 94.4%), intrahepaticdistant recurrence rate(8.2% vs. 12.6%) and local tumor progression rate(6.1% vs. 10.8%)(P>0.05). There was nostatistically significant difference between preoperative planning ablation volume and postoperative ablation volume inthe two groups(P=0.616). The ratio of residual liver volume/standard liver volume was(98.0±25.6)%. Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate amino transferase,total bilirubin and cholinesterase had no statistically significant difference before and after ablation between two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The role of ultrasound-guidedpercutaneous microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization for the accurate treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma is of great importance.

Investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical students / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical college students, so as to provide the evidence for the development of strategies on health education. Methods A total of 929 premed students from a medical college were selected in Hebei Province using the stratified sampling method from October to December, 2017, and investigated by questionnaires to understand their KAP on foodborne parasitic diseases. Results The understanding and concern degree on foodborne parasitic diseases among the college students from different majors were statistically different (all P < 0.05), the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the non-medical students were lower than those of the medical students, and the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the students who had received medical parasitology education were higher than those who had not received. For the formation rate of not prefer seeking novelty, there was a statistically significant difference among the college students in different majors (P < 0.05), and the rate of health behavior formation in non-medical students was relatively low. There were statistically significant differences among the students from different majors in the attitude on "would suggest others not to eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", "would not eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", and "would give up special preferences or bad habits" (all P < 0.05), and the formation rate of correct attitude of medical students was relatively high. Conclusion The awareness rate and the formation rates of correct attitude and behavior of the college students who have received medical parasitology education are relatively higher, so it is necessary to set up a course on foodborne parasitic diseases in colleges and universities.

Investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical students / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of foodborne parasitic diseases among medical college students, so as to provide the evidence for the development of strategies on health education. Methods A total of 929 premed students from a medical college were selected in Hebei Province using the stratified sampling method from October to December, 2017, and investigated by questionnaires to understand their KAP on foodborne parasitic diseases. Results The understanding and concern degree on foodborne parasitic diseases among the college students from different majors were statistically different (all P < 0.05), the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the non-medical students were lower than those of the medical students, and the awareness rate and the degree of concern of the students who had received medical parasitology education were higher than those who had not received. For the formation rate of not prefer seeking novelty, there was a statistically significant difference among the college students in different majors (P < 0.05), and the rate of health behavior formation in non-medical students was relatively low. There were statistically significant differences among the students from different majors in the attitude on "would suggest others not to eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", "would not eat the foods that might be infected with the foodborne parasites", and "would give up special preferences or bad habits" (all P < 0.05), and the formation rate of correct attitude of medical students was relatively high. Conclusion The awareness rate and the formation rates of correct attitude and behavior of the college students who have received medical parasitology education are relatively higher, so it is necessary to set up a course on foodborne parasitic diseases in colleges and universities.

Progress in Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism of Polysaccharides / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes and its relevant complications have been increasing each year. Oral hypoglycemic agents can temporarily control blood sugar within a normal range, but with serious side effects on multiple systems and no significant efficacy on diabetic complications. Polysaccharide, as a natural drug with various activities, has become a hotspot in recent years, because of its safety, efficacy and low toxicity. More and more researches for the relations between polysaccharides and diabetes have demonstrated that polysaccharides have the advantages of a high safety and low toxicity in treating diabetes. In addition, some polysaccharides may show an effect in alleviating diabetic complications. This paper summarizes recent researches on the hypoglycemic mechanism of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides could protect islet β cell, increase the number of islet cells, promote insulin secretion or release, increase insulin sensitivity, improve insulin resistance and improve glucose metabolism. And polysaccharides can be used in alleviating diabetes-related kidney, eye and foot disease. This report proposes shortcomings for the extraction, activity research and multi-target effects of polysaccharides for diabetes treatment. In addition, this report reviews how polysaccharides affect diabetes and complications, so as provide a scientific reference for the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides.

Correlation between microalbuminuria and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with essential hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To explore the correlation among carotid atherosclerosis, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and urinary microalbumin (UMA) level in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 215 EH patients treated in our hospital from Apr 2014 to Aug 2015 were selected. According to 24h UMA level, patients were divided into normal UMA group (n=116) and microalbuminuria (MAU) group (n=99). General data, UMA level, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid artery lumen diameter, incidence rate of plaque and ABI were measured and compared between two groups. Correlation among CIMT, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and urinary microalbumin (UMA) level was analyzed in EH + MAU patients. Results: There were no significant difference in age, gender, levels of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and serum creatinine between two groups, P＞0. 05 all. Compared with normal UMA group, there were significant rise in UMA level [21. 25 (15. 75, 25. 75) mg/d vs. 86. 50 (56. 50, 104. 50) mg/d], CIMT [(1. 20± 1. 09) mm vs. (1. 76±0. 81) mm]and incidence rate of plaque (55. 17％ vs. 75. 76％), and significant reduction in ABI [(1. 12±0. 11) vs. (0. 97±0. 11)] in MAU group, P＜0. 01 all. Linear correlation analysis indicated that UMA level was significant positively correlated with CIMT (r=0. 551, P=0. 001), and significant inversely correlated with ABI (r=-0. 266, P=0. 008) in EH + MAU patients. Conclusion: In EH+ MAU patients, MAU is significant positively correlated with CIMT, and significant inversely correlated with ABI, suggesting MAU is not only related to hypertensive renal disease, but also an early sign of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Micro RNA differential expression in primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To explore the miRNA (micro RNA)differential expression profile between primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues and normal fat tissues,and to provide the evidence that miRNA were involved in the molecular pathways of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues' occurrence.Methods:Collecting retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues and normal fat tissues from 4 patients after radical surgery of retroperitoneal lipsarcoma.Using microarray analysis.The tissues' miRNA hybridizated with human's LC Sciences microRNA Microarray-Single (miRBase 21.0) expression profile gene chips,and got the date.Analyzing the differential expressing of the siginal date by LOWESS.Results:Total 38 differential expressed miRNA were found (P＜0.05),including 23 over-expression and 15 low-expression miRNAs.10 of them(38 differential miRNAs) was significant deviation (P＜0.01),including 4 over-expression and 6 low-expression.Date analysis revealed that some miRNAs were associated some different tumors,Conclusion:The number of over-expression were more than the low-expression in primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma compared with the normol fat tissue,which indicate that the genes expression are less abundant in primary retroperitoneal li-posarcoma;some of the miRNAs might involved in the molecular pa-thways of primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma tissues' occurrence and recurrence,they might become the target point of the targetedtherapy of the primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma,some of the over-expressed miRNAs can become new biomarkers in the following diagnosis of the primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma.