A Single-center Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@# 【Objective】To summarize current situation of multiple sclerosis in South China and provide reference for MS diagnosis and treatment.【Methods】We selected patients of whom the first diagnosis was MS from 2011 to March 2019，and divided them into Adults group and Pediatrics group according to onset age above or below 14. We analyzed them from epidemiology，symptomatology，accessory examinations and treatment situation.【Results】296 patients were admitted into this research. The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.67. Median onset age was 26. Relapsing-remitting MS accounted for 63.2% of all patients. For initial episode，130 patients had motor symptoms（43.9%），118 patients showed sensory symptoms（39.9%），and 55 patients were accompanied with visual symptoms（18.6%）. Statistical difference exists in sensory symptoms（114 vs. 4，Z = -2.155，P = 0.031）and paroxysmal symptoms（4 vs. 3，Z = -3.610，P = 0.000） of Adults group and Pediatrics group. For following episodes，the total relapsing time was 712，with motor symptoms relapsing 380 times（53.4%），sensory symptoms 265 times（37.2%）and visual symptoms 134 times（18.8%）. Statistical difference existed in motor，sensory，visual，other ocular symptoms and paroxysmal symptoms. Positive rate of Oligoclonal bond was 45.5%. Positive rate of MOG-Ab was 16.7%. For brain MRI，periventricular lesions ≥ 9 accounted for 57.4% of all patients，with cortical & juxtacortical lesions 28.1% and infratentorial lesions 0.3%. Patients who had optic nerve lesions accounted for 63.2%. No statistical difference existed in them. For treatment，drugs they had used previously were glucocorticoid（79.7%），beta Interferon（15.9%）and azathioprine（13.9%）.During the study，drugs they were using were glucocorticoid（15.5%），rituximab（9.1%），azathioprine（8.1%）and teriflunomide（8.1%）.【Conclusions】For gender， age，symptomatology and accessory examinations，results of this research are similar to previous papers about multiple sclerosis in Asian. For treatment，the trend indicates that usage of new disease-modifying drugs goes up.

Effect of fluoride on the expression of 5-methylcytosine in blood, liver, kidney and brain of rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride exposure dose and exposure time on the expression of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in blood,liver,kidney and brain of rats;and to understand whether there is a difference in the effects of fluoride on DNA methylation levels in different tissues.Methods Eighty three-week old SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight [(82.34 ± 10.60) g],with 20 rats in each group.The rats of control group drank distilled water and the fluoride group's drank distilled water containing 25,50 and 100 mg/L of F ion,respectively.Rats were sacrificed after fed for 1 month and 3 months (n =10),and peripheral blood and tissue samples were collected.The incidence of dental fluorosis was observed in rats.Bone and urine fluoride content was detected by ion selective electrode method.The content of 5-mC in blood,liver,kidney and brain was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The independent and interactive effects of fluoride exposure dose and exposure time on 5-mC in rat peripheral blood and different tissues were analyzed by factorial design anova.Results After feeding for 1 month and 3 months,all rats in the fluoride group had dental fluorosis with different severities,while none dental fluorosis was found in the control groups.Fluoride exposure dose and exposure time had a main effect on bone fluoride contents [1 month:(324.985 + 127.094),(846.148 ± 331.861),(1 886.601 + 250.140),(2 420.971 + 135.883) mg/kg;3 months:(417.591 ± 88.324),(1 582.243 ± 347.975),(2 163.519 ± 614.932),(2 755.434 ± 265.370)mg/kg;F =96.692,13.077,P ＜ 0.01],respectively,but there was no interaction effect (F =2.013,P ＞ 0.05);fluoride exposure dose had a main effect on urinary fluoride contents (F =62.358,P ＜ 0.01),the exposure time had no effect on it (F =0.862,P ＞ 0.05),and there was no interaction effect (F =0.081,P ＞ 0.05).Fluoride exposure dose had a main effect on the 5-mC content in the blood (F =8.446,P ＜ 0.01),the exposure time had no effect on it (F =0.095,P ＞0.05),and there had an interaction effect (F =4.676,P ＜ 0.01).Fluoride exposure dose and exposure time had a main effect on the 5-mC content in the liver,respectively (F =4.737,7.064,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05),and an interaction effect was exist (F =8.302,P ＜ 0.01).Fluoride exposure time had a main effect on the 5-mC content in the kidney (F =6.340,P ＜ 0.05),the exposure dose had no effect on it (F =0.140,P ＞ 0.05),and there was no interaction effect (F =1.269,P ＞ 0.05).Fluoride exposure dose and exposure time had no effect on 5-mC content in the brain (F =0.633,2.065,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Fluoride exposure dose and exposure time have the different effect on the levels of 5-mC in blood,liver,kidney and brain,suggesting that there may be differences in the effects of fluoride on DNA methylation levels in different tissues.

Effects of fluoride on oxidative damage of protein in rat plasma / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride on protein oxidative damage in rat plasma by measuring oxidative stress levels,advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP).Methods Eighty SPF male 3-week-old Wistar rats weighing (82.34 ± 10.60) g were randomly divided into 4 groups,20 rats in each group.The control group drank distilled water,and the fluoride groups drank distilled water with fluoride concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mg/L,respectively.Rats were allowed to eat and drink freely,and they were sacrificed at 1 month and 3 month,respectively,and samples such as urine,femur and peripheral blood were collected for experiments.Fluoride contents in urine and bone were detected by ion selective electrode method,the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was detected by hydroxylamine method,malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method,and AGEs and AOPP contents were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results For 1 month and 3 months,compared urinary fluoride contents (mg/L:2.088 + 0.638,9.170 ± 2.865,20.094 ± 8.186,54.866 ± 2.866;2.202 ± 1.282,9.112 ± 2.364,21.854 ±8.325,52.513 ± 16.211),and bone fluoride contents (mg/kg:324.985 ± 127.094,846.148 ± 331.861,1 886.601 ±250.140,2 420.971 ± 135.883;417.591 ± 88.324,1 582.243 ± 347.975,2 163.519 ± 614.932,2 755.434 ±265.370) in control group and fluoride concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mg/L groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =88.379,29.225;87.440,33.998,P ＜ 0.05).For 1 month and 3 months,compared SOD activity (U/ml:32.469 ± 5.674,35.931 ± 2.262,36.746 ± 3.994,38.042 ± 4.632;31.027 ± 4.147,30.777 ±4.791,34.148 ± 1.755,36.585 ± 2.860) and AGEs contents (μg/L:26.977 ± 5.285,33.303 ± 6.226,28.021 ±5.946,34.117 ± 6.706;35.681 ± 3.802,33.651 ± 7.214,28.114 ± 4.660,24.330 ± 3.581) in control group and fluoride concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mg/L groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =2.896,5.780;3.565,10.195,P ＜ 0.05).By factorial design anova,there was an interaction between the exposure concentration and exposure time of fluorine and the content of AGEs (F =8.957,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Excessive fluoride can affect urinary,bone fluoride contents,SOD activity,AGEs content,suggesting that excessive fluoride may regulate protein expression through direct and indirect oxidative damage pathways,which leading to fluorosis.

An analysis on the present situation of post setting in CDCs of Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the present post setting situation of CDCs in Zhejiang Province, and to provide evidence for further improvement and standardization of post setting. Methods The data of post setting were collected by questionnaires from all levels of CDCs in Zhejiang Province. The compliance and rationality of post setting structure were evaluated by national and provincial normative policy documents. Results Ninety seven CDCs had implemented the post setting. Professional technical posts had the highest proportion (above 80%) among three kinds of posts. As the approved proportions of posts classification and professional titles were approved by the local government, there were differences between different levels of CDCs. The approved proportion of ground skilled posts and management posts between municipal and county CDCs had a relatively higher degree of dispersion, and the CVs of ground skilled posts and management posts of municipal CDCs were 72.3% and 65.6%, and the CVs of county CDCs were 101.6% and 82.1%. In terms of the approved professional titles structural proportion, the degree of dispersion appeared to be higher in senior titles and primary titles approved proportion of municipal CDCs (CV=29.1%, 28.5%), while the degree of dispersion was higher in senior titles and vice-senior titles of county CDCs (CV=58.9%, 21.8%) . Meanwhile, the approved proportions of senior titles in municipal and county CDCs were lower with the averages of 32.2% and 17.0%. The posts of infectious disease prevention and control and laboratory detection were accounting for the majority posts in municipal and county CDCs with average percentages of 47.8% and 45.1% . Conclusion The present situation of post structural proportion meets the relevant requirements generally. However, there are some phenomena of non-standard approved proportion of ground skilled posts and management posts and low senior titles approved proportion. Meanwhile, the percentage of infectious disease prevention and control and laboratory detection posts appears to be lower in county CDCs.

Neutralization of Interleukin-9 Decreasing Mast Cells Infiltration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Th9 cells are a newly discovered CD4+ T helper cell subtype, characterized by high interleukin (IL)-9 secretion. Growing evidences suggest that Th9 cells are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS). Mast cells are multifunctional innate immune cells, which are perhaps best known for their role as dominant effector cells in allergies and asthma. Several lines of evidence point to an important role for mast cells in MS and its animal models. Simultaneously, there is dynamic "cross-talk" between Th9 and mast cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the IL-9-mast cell axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and determine its interaction after neutralizing anti-IL-9 antibody treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5 in each group): mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE (EAE group), EAE mice treated with anti-IL-9 antibody (anti-IL-9 Abs group), and EAE mice treated with IgG isotype control (IgG group). EAE clinical score was evaluated. Mast cells from central nervous system (CNS) were detected by flow cytometry. The production of chemokine recruiting mast cells in the CNS was explored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In mice with MOG-induced EAE, the expression of IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) complexes in CNS and spleen mast cells was also explored by RT-PCR, and then was repeating validated by immunocytochemistry. In vitro, spleen cells from EAE mice were cultured with anti-IL-9 antibody, and quantity of mast cells was counted by flow cytometry after co-culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with IgG group, IL-9 blockade delayed clinical disease onset and ameliorated EAE severity (t = -2.217, P = 0.031), accompany with mast cells infiltration decreases (day 5: t = -8.005, P < 0.001; day 15: t = -11.857, P < 0.001; day 20: t = -5.243, P = 0.001) in anti-IL-9 Abs group. The messenger RNA expressions of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (t = -5.932, P = 0.003) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (t = -4.029, P = 0.004) were significantly decreased after IL-9 neutralization in anti-IL-9 Abs group, compared with IgG group. In MOG-induced EAE, the IL-9R complexes were expressed in CNS and spleen mast cells. In vitro, splenocytes cultured with anti-IL-9 antibody showed significantly lower levels of mast cells in a dose-dependent manner, compared with splenocytes cultured with anti-mouse IgG (5 μg/ml: t = -0.894, P = 0.397; 10 μg/ml: t = -3.348, P = 0.019; 20 μg/ml: t = -7.639, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study revealed that IL-9 neutralization reduced mast cell infiltration in CNS and ameliorated EAE, which might be relate to the interaction between IL-9 and mast cells.</p>

An analysis on the personnel allocation and basic quality structure of middle-level cadres in CDCs of Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective Toanalyzethepersonnelallocationandbasicqualitystructureofmiddle-levelcadresinCDCsof ZhejiangProvince.Methods DatawerecollectedfromthenationalbasicinformationsystemofCDCs.Anddescriptive statistics,chi-square test and Kruskal -Wallis H test were used to analyze the differences of middle -level cadres'personnelallocationandbasicqualityamongthreelevelsofCDCs.Results Theallocationratioofmiddle-levelcadresin management departments was 25.58%,27.32% and 23.58% for provincial level,city level and county level of CDCs respectively,which was 74.42%,72.68% and 76.42% in management departments respectively.There were significant differences in ages,working years,education levels,majors and titles across different levels of CDCs (P<0.05 ).And there were significant differences in education levels across counties with different economic levels (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Thepersonnelallocationofmiddle-levelcadreswithexcellentbasicqualityindifferentlevelsofCDCsin Zhejiang Province was reasonable.

Bioinformatic analysis of regulation of microRNA on target genes in pediatric asthma / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To understand the underlying mechanism of mites-induced pediatric asthma by bioinformatic analysis on speciifc microRNA (miRNA) array and target gene screening. Methods This is a case control study of 62 pairs of dust mites-induced asthma children with age and gender matched healthy controls. Twelve pairs were randomly selected for miRNA array. The abnormal expression of miRNAs was compared between asthma and control children. The results were validated by RT-qPCR and bioinformatic analysis in remaining pairs of children. Results Six miRNAs (miRNA-151a-5p, 625-5p, 126-3p, 513a-5p, 27b-3p, 22-3p) were signiifcantly down-regulated more than two folds in dust mites-induced asthma children than those in controls. The enriched bioinformatics analysis showed that these miRNAs and their target genes CBL, PPARGC1B, ESR1, ONECUT2, EGFR, SYK, and STAT1 were related to inlfammatory cytokine signaling pathway. Conclusion It is suggested that miR-22-3p, 513a-5p, 625-5p, 27b-3p, and miRNA-target genes form a network through co-regulation to target genes to participate dust mites-induced asthma in children.

Follow-up study on neuropsychological behavior development of preterm and low birth weight infants / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the neuropsychological behavior development of preterm infants and low birth weight infants,and to provide a reference to the early prevention and intervention on developmental retardations.Methods A total of 101 preterm infants and/or low birth weight infants received the infant development test of 0 ～ 6 year-old children intelligence developmental scale for neurological development and autism behavior checklist(ABC).Results 25 boys and 5 girls suffered from different psychological mental disorders.The occurrences were as follows:10 cases with mental retardation,9 cases with the language development delay,9 cases with motor retardation,1 case with cerebral palsy and 1 case with autism spectrum disorder.The incidence of intelligence problems were that language retardation (18.9％),the fine motor (16.8％),the adapative ability (12.6％),social action (9.5 ％) and the motor delay (3.2％).There were significant differences in the scores of social communication(x2=8.88,P=0.003),adaptive ability(x2=7.41,P=0.007),the fine motor(x2 =6.22,P=0.01) and total developmental quotient(x2 =5.58,P=0.02) between city children'and rural area.The behavioral problems more consisted in self-care ability and language retardation.Conclusion Preterm infants and low birth weight infants are exposed to language,fine motor,adaptive and communication ability problems,especially the children living in country.It is necessary to improve the early education and intervention for the rural preterm infants and low birth weight infants.

Changes of toxic metals during biological stabilization and their potential ecological risk assessment.

With various disadvantages of pollution control technologies for toxic metal-contaminated soil, we mixed contaminated soil with sludge for in situ composting to stabilize toxic metals, so plants are enriched to take up the toxic metals. When simulating the above, we added toxic metal solution into sewage sludge, and then composed it with steel slag to determine inhibition of the availability of toxic metals. When toxic metals were added into sludge, the potential ecological index and geoaccumulation index of Cd became high while Zn was low. Steel slag had an inhibited availability of Cd, and when the adjunction of steel slag was 7%, the availability of Cd was lowest. Steel slag promoted the availability of Zn, and when the adjunction of steel slag was 27%, the availability of Zn was highest. Results showed that during composting, with increasing steel slag, Cd stabilizing time was reached sooner but Zn stabilizing time was slower, and the availability of all metals became lower. In the end, composting inhibited the potential ecological index of Cd, but it promoted the potential ecological index of Zn. Steel slag promoted the stability of Cd and Zn as Fe/Mn oxide-bound and residual species. Therefore, composting sludge and steel slag could be used as an effective inhibitor of Zn and Cd pollution.

[Speciation Characteristics and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Oasis Soil Under Pb, Zn Combined Stress].

Pot experiments were conducted on cole (Brassica) grown in oasis soil under combined stress of lead and zinc, to study the effect of heavy metal combined pollution on cole growth as well as the speciation conversion rules and bioavailability. The result showed that the promoting effect on cole growth was shown in the low concentration treatments, especially on stem leaves. With addition of exotic heavy metals, the main speciations of Pb and Zn in the soil transformed from tight-bound to loose-bound forms as compared to the control, and the bioavailability of heavy metals was increased. And, the exchangeable Pb and the carbonate bound form of Zn were the major contributing speciations which were absorbed in different parts of cole. What's more, the capabilities of uptake and translocation of Pb and Zn by cole were stronger at lower stress levels, and the enrichment and migration coefficients decreased with the increasing content of bioavailable fraction of the corresponding element or the coexisting element. In all treatments, the Pb concentration in the stem leaves of cole exceeded the food safety threshold, therefore it is recommended to conduct detection of relevant indicators before planting foliage vegetables in this kind of soil.

[Speciation distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments in suburban outfall of industrial oasis region].

The speciation distribution and potential environmental risk of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr in sediments in suburban outfall of industrial oasis region, Baiyin City were studied by Tessier sequential extraction method, correlation analysis, enrichment factor (EF) and risk assessment code (RAC). The results indicated that, the average concentration of heavy metals in sediments samples of Dongdagou and Xidagou streams exceeded the background levels in Gansu Province, with Cr, as an exception. The enrichment factor suggested that the enrichment of Cd in sediments of Dongdagou and Xidagou streams were very serious, which posed a strong pollution level. Furthermore, the analysis of chemical speciation indicated that Zn, Ni, and Cr in sediments of Dongdagou stream were mainly dominated by the fraction of residual, the existence of Cu and Cd was mainly in organic forms, while Pb was composed mostly by its Fe-Mn oxides fraction; Pb in sediments of Xidagou stream existed by Fe-Mn oxides fraction, other metals mainly appeared with the residual fraction. The risk assessment code (RAC) showed that the risk level of heavy metals in sediments of Dongdagou stream descended in the order: Ni > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr, Ni posed a highest risk level. The risk level of heavy metals in sediments of Xidagou stream decreased in the order: Pb > Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni posed a highest risk level.

Tenax as sorption sink for in vitro bioaccessibility measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.

Physiologically based in vitro methods have been developed to measure bioaccessibility of organic contaminants in soils. However, bioaccessibility of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) can be underestimated by in vitro tests if gastrointestinal (GI) solution fails to provide sufficient sorption sink for HOCs. To circumvent this drawback, Tenax was included in GI solution as sorption sink to trap mobilized HOCs and maintain the desorption gradient between soil and GI solution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as target HOCs, and physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was selected as the in vitro method. Inclusion of Tenax in GI solution increased bioaccessibility of PAHs in five spiked soils from 8.25-20.8% to 55.7-65.9% and the bioaccessibility of PAHs in a field contaminated soil from 3.70-6.92% to 16.3-31.0%. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of Tenax as sorption sink to enhance PAH mobilization in bioaccessibility measurement in soils.

The expression of hsa-miR-28-3p and ADAM12 in cord blood mononuclear cells of preterm birth in-fants / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective Preterm birth is a live birth delivered before 37 weeks of gestation.Preterm birth rates have risen in recent years,and preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortali-ty worldwide.Both environmental and genetic factors likely play important roles in the development of pre-term birth.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are 18 to 25 nucleotides,single stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate a wide range of biological processes in development and human disease.In this study,we have investigated the differential expression of hsa-miR-28-3p and ADAM12 in cord blood mononuclear cells of preterm birth and term birth.Methods The cord bloods were collected from the patients of Putuo District Institute of Materni-ty and Child Health.The preterm group(30 patients)was the patients with spontaneous preterm delivery,and the control group(30 patients)was the patients delivered normal infants at term.The expression levels of hsa-miR-28-3p and ADAM12 mRNA were directly generated by real-time PCR.Results The gestational age and birth weight of preterm group was(30.92 ±1.73)weeks and(1 646 ±357)g,and the control group was (39.73 ±0.58)weeks and(3 301 ±394)g.The hsa-miR-28-3p expression of preterm group(1.03 ±0.23) was significantly lower than that of control group(2.32 ±0.52)in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P <0.01 );the ADAM12 mRNA expression of preterm group(0.037 8 ±0.005 6)was significantly higher than that of control group(0.027 6 ±0.003 9)(P <0.05);the hsa-miR-28-3p expression was significantly correlated with the ADAM12 mRNA expression(r =-0.634 1 ,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The lower hsa-miR-28-3p expression of cord blood mononuclear cells may up-regulate ADAM12 mRNA expression,and promotes the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth.

[Pollution evaluation and health risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou].

In order to evaluate the contamination and health risk of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou, samples of atmospheric deposition were collected from 11 sampling sites respectively and their concentrations of heavy metals were determined. The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Mn were 82.22, 130.31, 4.34, 88.73, 40.64, 369.23 and 501.49 mg x kg(-1), respectively. There was great difference among different functional areas for all elements except Mn. According to the results, the enrichment factor score of Mn was close to 1, while the enrichment of Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr was more serious, and Pb and Cd were extremely enriched. The assessment results of geoaccumulation index of potential ecological risk indicated that the pollution of Cd in the atmospheric deposition of Lanzhou should be classified as extreme degree, and that of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb as between slight and extreme degrees, and Cr as practically uncontaminated. Contaminations of atmospheric dust by heavy metals in October to the next March were more serious than those from April to August. Health risk assessment indicated that the heavy metals in atmospheric deposition were mainly ingested by human bodies through hand-mouth ingestion. The non-cancer risk was higher for children than for adults. The order of non-cancer hazard indexes of heavy metals was Pb > Cr > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn. The non-cancer hazard indexes and carcinogen risks of heavy metals were both lower than their threshold values, suggesting that they will not harm the health.

[Study on ecological risk assessment technology of fluoride pollution from arid oasis soil].

According to translocation regulation of fluoride in the typical oasis soil-plant system under field, an ecological risk assessment model of fluoride was established, and this model was used to assess ecological risk to fluoride pollution from suburban oasis soils in Baiyin City, which was specifically expressed with the potential ecological risk of bioavailability (ER(bc)) model to assess ecological risk of fluoride pollution in oasis regions. Results showed that the ecological risk indices of fluoride pollution from this region were 1.37-24.81, the level of risk at most sites was high to very high, the average ecological risk index was 11.28, belonged to very high risk. This indicated that in the suburb soil of Baiyin City needs to be concerned about the remediation of fluoride pollution.

Effects on Ni and Cd speciation in sewage sludge during composting and co-composting with steel slag.

Sewage sludge and industrial steel slag (SS) pose threats of serious pollution to the environment. The experiments aimed to improve the stabilizing effects of heavy metal Ni and Cd morphology in composting sludge. The total Ni and Cd species distribution and chemical forms in the compost sewage sludge were investigated with the use of compost and co-compost with SS, including degradation. The carbon/nitrogen ratio of piles was regulated with the use of sawdust prior to batch aerobic composting experiments. Results indicated that the co-composting with SS and organic matter humification can contribute to the formation of Fe and Mn hydroxides and that the humus colloid significantly changed Ni and Cd species distribution. The decreased content of Ni and Cd in an unstable state inhibited their biological activity. Conclusions were drawn that an SS amount equal to 7% of the dry sludge mass was optimal value to guarantee the lowest amount of Cd in an unstable state, whereas the amount was 14% for Ni.

Expression of recombinant plasmid of homo heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 in SH-SY5Y cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The functions of homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 are very wide. It can participate in the expression of skeleton proteins in the nervous system. OBJECTIVE:To construct the recombinant plasmid of homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 and observe its expression in nerve cells for further studying the functions of it in neurocytes. METHODS:Using pcDNATM4/His C, the homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 was subcloned into recombinant plasmid E1-pcDNATM 4/His C, fol owed by enzyming and sequencing. After SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmid, western blot analysis and real time RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 in SH-SY5Y cells. And the growth of SH-SY5Y cells was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We successful y constructed the eukaryotic expressed vector of homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1. The recombinant plasmids were verified to express in SH-SY5Y cells correctly at mRNA and protein levels. And SH-SY5Y cells generated quickly after homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 was over-expressed. The homo heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 is an important protein in neural development. And this vector offers the premise for further studying its function in nervous system.

Effects of Naoxintong on atherosclerosis and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in atherosclerotic rabbit / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>High levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) have been associated with atherosclerosis processes. Naoxintong is a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to detect and quantify changes of iNOS mRNA and NO levels in the vessel wall after the administration of Naoxintong in an atherosclerotic rabbit model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). Rabbits were fed a standard diet (group A), an atherogenic diet consisting of 79% standard feed + 1% cholesterol + 5% lard + 15% egg yolk powder (group B), an atherogenic diet with Naoxintong 0.25 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (group C), an atherogenic diet with Naoxintong 0.5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (group D), or atherogenic diet with Naoxintong 1.0 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) (group E) for 12 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Supplemented administration of Naoxintong led to a down-regulation of cholesterol (CHOL) (P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.001). The trend became more notable as the dose of Naoxintong increased; group C vs. group B (CHOL, P = 0.568; LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), P = 0.119), group D vs. group B (CHOL, P = 0.264; LDL-C, P = 0.027), group E vs. group B (CHOL, P = 0.028; LDL-C, P = 0.002). Atherosclerotic lesions in aorta were reduced in Naoxintong groups (groups C, D, E) compared to group B. Group B had higher iNOS mRNA (P = 0.001) and NO level (P < 0.001) than group A. Compared with the atherogenic diet fed-rabbits, Naoxintong supplements decreased the expression of iNOS mRNA (P < 0.001) and the NO level (P < 0.001) in the vessel wall. Groups given a higher Naoxintong dose exhibited greater benefits. iNOS mRNA and NO levels seemed to be reduced in group C, although the difference did not quite reach statistical significance (iNOS mRNA, P = 0.130; NO, P = 0.038). iNOS mRNA and NO levels significantly decreased in group D (iNOS mRNA, P = 0.019; NO, P = 0.018) and group E (iNOS mRNA, P = 0.004; NO, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Naoxintong has beneficial effects on atherosclerosis treatment by reducing expression of iNOS mRNA and the NO level in the vessel wall.</p>

[Uptake effect of Cd and Pb by rape under single Cd/Pb and Cd-Pb combined stress].

This paper investigated the effects of single Cd/Pb and Cd-Pb combined pollution of desert grey soils from the oasis regions on the uptake and translocation of Cd and Pb by rape (Brassica campestris L.), and analyzed the interaction between Cd and Pb. The results of pot experiment showed that the concentration of Cd or Pb was promoted when the concentration of Cd in soil was less than 7.0 mg x kg(-1) and the concentration of Pb in soil was less than 1 500 mg x kg(-1) in single Cd/Pb and Cd-Pb combined pollution. There was an obvious antagonism between Cd and Pb in Cd-Pb combined pollution. As the concentration of Cd in soil increased in single Cd pollution, the enrichment and translocation ability of Cd in rape was firstly improved and then reduced. As the concentration of Pb in soil increased in single Pb pollution, the enrichment and translocation ability of Pb in rape was reduced continuously. The Cd-Pb combined stress reduced the enrichment capacity of Cd and Pb as well as the migration ability of Pb, but improved the migration ability of Cd. The enrichment and translocation ability of Cd was greater than that of Pb. Models of uptake and translocation of Cd and Pb in rape under single Cd/Pb and Cd-Pb combined stress were both well fitted to quadratic equations.

[Relationships of soil organic carbon with its active and non-active components under different land use types in the middle reaches of Heihe River, China].

Taking the seven typical land use types (paddy field, dry land, medium coverage grassland, saline-alkali field, bare land, desert, and sandlot) in the middle reaches of Heihe River as test objects, this paper studied the relationships of soil organic carbon content with its components. In the 0-100 cm soil profile, the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC) , active organic carbon (AOC), and non-active organic carbon (NOC) decreased with increasing depth. The soil TOC, AOC, and NOC contents differed with land use type. Land use change induced the increase or decrease of soil organic carbon content. The tillage in paddy field was an available way to increase the contents of soil TOC, AOC, and NOC. After land use change, soil NOC rather than AOC contributed more to soil TOC content. For the same land use types, soil AOC and NOC contents increased together with increasing soil TOC content, and the NOC content increased faster than the AOC content. The soil TOC content corresponding to the crossing point of the variation trend lines of soil AOC and NOC contents could be considered as the boundary point of TOC accumulation or loss, and the saturation capacities of soil AOC and NOC could be obtained by the variation trend lines of the AOC and NOC.