Electrochemical detection of uric acid in human serum based on ultrasmall Ta2O5 nanoparticle anchored Pt atom with ultrahigh uricase and catalase activities.

The synthesis of ultrasmall Ta2O5 nanoparticle anchored Pt atom using aspartic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dot (Asp-GQD) is reported. The Asp-GQD was combined with tantalic acid and chloroplatinic acid to rapidly form water-soluble Ta-Asp-GQD and Pt-Asp-GQD complex. Followed by thermal annealing at 900 °C in N2 to obtain Ta2O5-Asp-GQD-Pt. The study shows that the introduction of Asp-GQD as a chelating agent and p-type semiconductor achieves to the formation of ultrasmall Ta2O5 nanoparticle, PN junction at the interface and Pt single atom anchored on the surface of Ta2O5 nanocrystals. The unique structure realizes ultrahigh uricase activity and catalase activities of Ta2O5-Asp-GQD-Pt. The Ta2O5-Asp-GQD-Pt was used as the bifunctional sensing material for the construction of an electrochemical uric acid sensor. The differential pulse voltammetric current at 0.45 V linearly increases with the increase of uric acid concentration in the range 0.001-5.00 mM with the detection limit of 0.41 µM (S/N = 3). The sensor exhibits a much better sensitivity compared with the reported methods for the detection of uric acid. The proposed analytical method has been applied to the electrochemical detection of uric acid in human serum with a spiked recovery of 95-105%. The study also offers one way to design and synthesize multifunctional sensing materials with high catalytic activity.

Network Biology Approaches to Uncover Therapeutic Targets Associated with Molecular Signaling Pathways from circRNA in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Pathogenesis.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a cognitive deterioration and dementia that arise after a surgical procedure, affecting up to 40% of surgery patients over the age of 60. The precise etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying POCD remain uncovered. These reasons led us to employ integrative bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies to identify several biological signaling pathways involved and molecular signatures to better understand the pathophysiology of POCD. A total of 223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) comprising 156 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes were identified from the circRNA microarray dataset by comparing POCD and non-POCD samples. Gene ontology (GO) analyses of DEGs were significantly involved in neurogenesis, autophagy regulation, translation in the postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission, regulation of the cellular catabolic process, macromolecule modification, and chromatin remodeling. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated some key molecular pathways, including mTOR signaling pathway, AKT phosphorylation of cytosolic targets, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, nitric oxide signaling pathway, chaperones that modulate interferon signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, cellular senescence, RANKL/RARK signaling pathway, and AGE/RAGE pathway. Furthermore, seven hub genes were identified from the PPI network and also determined transcription factors and protein kinases. Finally, we identified a new predictive drug for the treatment of SCZ using the LINCS L1000, GCP, and P100 databases. Together, our results bring a new era of the pathogenesis of a deeper understanding of POCD, identified novel therapeutic targets, and predicted drug inhibitors in POCD.

Durable hydrophobic Enteromorpha design for controlling oil spills in marine environment prepared by organosilane modification for efficient oil-water separation.

Hydrophobic and oleophilic materials are attractive candidates for efficient oil collection due to their excellent oil-water separation. However, the most of currently reported oil adsorption materials are limited resources or require complicated preparation steps, which causes high energy consumption and not be practical for large-scale application. Herein, we report a facile strategy to modify the wettability of Enteromorpha from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which not only greatly reduces energy consumption but also shows the outstanding capacity for oil-water separation with the maximum adsorption capacities is 11.4 g/g and the contact angle reaches 137°. The successful modification of the Enteromorpha is achieved by grafting n-octyltriethoxysilane on the surface of the pristine Enteromorpha. The hydrophobic and superoleophilic Enteromorpha guarantee adequate voids in the fibrous bundles only for oil adsorption and the oil floating on the seawater is removed by the formation of hydrogen bonding between oil and modified Enteromorpha. By optimizing test, the optimal adsorption conditions are adsorption time of 60 min, oil-water ratio of 1:10 and pH of 7. Our reported hydrophobic organosilane modified Enteromorpha will open a new avenue to control marine oil pollution and suppress the damage of Enteromorpha to the marine ecology system.

Influence of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 on acute liver injury in a mouse model of sepsis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 on acute liver injury in a mouse model of sepsis. Methods A total of 24 adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, control+SS-31 group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and LPS+SS-31 group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice were given intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) to establish a model of sepsis and acute liver injury, followed by intraperitoneal injection of SS-31 (10 mg/kg) for treatment, and the mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of PBS solution, followed by intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline. After 12 hours, ELISA was used to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and HE staining was used to observe liver histopathological changes. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the LPS group, the LPS+SS-31 group had significant reductions in the serum levels of ALT (140.05±12.22 U/L vs 102.64±8.75 U/L, P < 0.05) and AST (80.22±4.71 U/L vs 69.26±5.37 U/L, P < 0.05) and the levels of ROS (1 030.21±115.87 pg/mL vs 847.84±63.65 pg/mL, P < 0.05), TNFα (767.18±60.60 ng/mL vs 698.89±16.99 ng/mL, P < 0.05), IL-1β (29.97±1.37 ng/mL vs 26.70±3.09 ng/mL, P < 0.05), and IL-6 (59.13±7.09 pg/mL vs 49.29±3.41 pg/mL, P < 0.05) in liver tissue. Compared with the control group based on HE staining, the LPS group showed destruction of hepatic lobular structure, inflammatory cell infiltration, ambiguous intercellular space, and hepatocyte swelling, while the LPS+SS-31 group showed alleviation of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte swelling. Conclusion The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 can reduce the production of ROS, downregulate the highly expressed inflammatory factors in sepsis, and alleviate sepsis-related acute liver injury in mice.

Electrochemical detection of carbendazim with mulberry fruit-like gold nanocrystal/multiple graphene aerogel and DNA cycle amplification.

An aptasensor for electrochemical detection of carbendazim is reported with mulberry fruit-like gold nanocrystal (MF-Au)/multiple graphene aerogel (MGA) and DNA cycle amplification. HAuCl4 was reduced by ascorbic acid in a CTAC solution containing KBr and KI and formed trioctahedron gold nanocrystal. The gold nanocrystal underwent structural evolution under enantioselective direction of L-cysteine. The resulting MF-Au shows a mulberry fruit-like nanostructure composed of gold nanocrystals of about 200 nm as the core and many irregular gold nanoparticles of about 30 nm as the shell. The exposure of high-index facets improves the catalytic activity of MF-Au. MF-Au/MGA was used for the construction of an aptasensor for electrochemical detection of carbendazim. The aptamer hybridizes with assistant strand DNA to form duplex DNA. Carbendazim binds with the formed duplex DNA to release assistant strand DNA, triggering one three-cascade DNA cycle. The utilization of a DNA cycle allows one carbendazim molecule to bring many methylene blue-labeled DNA fragments to the electrode surface. This promotes significant signal amplification due to the redox reaction of methylene blue. The detection signal is further enhanced by the catalysis of MF-Au and MGA towards the redox of methylene blue. A differential pulse voltammetric signal, best measured at - 0.32 V vs. Ag/AgCl, increases linearly with the carbendazim concentration ranging from 1.0 × 10-16 to 1.0 × 10-11 M with a detection limit of 4.4 × 10-17 M. The method provides ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity and was successfully applied to the electrochemical detection of carbendazim in cucumber. This study reports on an ultrasensitive aptasensor for electrochemical detection of carbendazim in cucumber based on mulberry fruit-like gold nanocrystal-multiple graphene aerogel and DNA cycle double amplification.

Colorimetric detection of chlorpyrifos in peach based on cobalt-graphene nanohybrid with excellent oxidase-like activity and reusability.

Cobalt nanocrystal has been widely used as nano-enzyme for sensing and catalysis due to its high stability and low cost, but poor catalytic activity limits its applications in bioanalysis. The study reports one strategy for synthesis of cobalt-graphene nanohybrid. Histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dot (His-GQD) was bound to graphene sheet via π-π stacking and then combined with cobalt ions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride to form stable complex and finally reduced under nitrogen to obtain Co-His-GQD-G. The as-synthesized nanohybrid offers well-defined three-dimensional structure and quasi-superparamagnetism. The cobalt nanoparticles were well dispersed on graphene sheets. The unique structure improves oxidase-like activity of Co-His-GQD-G. Further, Co-His-GQD-G was used as the nanozyme for colorimetric detection of chlorpyrifos. Co-His-GQD-G catalyzes oxidization of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine into blue product. Thiocholine produced by hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine under catalysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibits catalytic activity of Co-His-GQD-G and leads to a reduced oxidization rate. Chlorpyrifos inhibits activity of acetylcholinesterase and brings an enhanced absorbance of blue product. The absorbance at 652 nm linearly increases with increasing chlorpyrifos concentration in the range of 2-20 ng mL-1 with detection limit of 0.57 ng mL-1 (S/N = 3). The method was successfully applied in determination of chlorpyrifos in peach by preparing Co-His-GQD-G magnetic gel sheet.

Mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the main chemical components and action targets of the seven traditional Chinese medicines in Xiaochaihu decoction; the GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets associated with hepatitis B; the STRING online platform was used to construct a PPI network of potential targets, and R language was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct an "active component-core target" network and perform a topology analysis of this network; AutoDock vina and related software were used to perform molecular docking and visualized analysis of the active components with high value and the core targets in the network. Results A total of 193 main chemical components (including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, and naringenin) and 247 related targets were screened out, among which the key targets included RELA, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, EGFR, and AKT1. A total of 2612 enrichment items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis, which were mainly involved in regulating the biological processes such as cell response to chemical stress, response to drugs, oxidative stress response, and lipopolysaccharide response. A total of 174 pathways were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis, mainly involving hepatitis B, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components had strong binding force to core targets, and the protein crystal complex had a stable conformation. Conclusion This study preliminarily shows that Xiaochaihu decoction exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatitis B through multiple components, targets, and pathways.

Mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the main chemical components and action targets of the seven traditional Chinese medicines in Xiaochaihu decoction; the GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets associated with hepatitis B; the STRING online platform was used to construct a PPI network of potential targets, and R language was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct an "active component-core target" network and perform a topology analysis of this network; AutoDock vina and related software were used to perform molecular docking and visualized analysis of the active components with high value and the core targets in the network. Results A total of 193 main chemical components (including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, and naringenin) and 247 related targets were screened out, among which the key targets included RELA, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, EGFR, and AKT1. A total of 2612 enrichment items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis, which were mainly involved in regulating the biological processes such as cell response to chemical stress, response to drugs, oxidative stress response, and lipopolysaccharide response. A total of 174 pathways were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis, mainly involving hepatitis B, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components had strong binding force to core targets, and the protein crystal complex had a stable conformation. Conclusion This study preliminarily shows that Xiaochaihu decoction exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatitis B through multiple components, targets, and pathways.

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in low-energy X-ray radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the application of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in low-energy X-ray intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), analyze its potential risks in IORT, and preliminarily explore the feasibility of FMEA in optimizing IORT management and reducing the occurrence of potential risks.Methods:An FMEA working group was established by the IORT team (1 radiologist, 1 radiology physicist, 2 surgeons, and 2 nurses) to apply the FMEA methodology to conduct a systematic risk assessment. The process modules were established, the potential failure modes and causes for each module were analyzed, the severity (SR), frequency of occurrence (OR) and likelihood of detection (DR) of failure modes were scored and the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated: RPN= SR × OR × DR. The possible errors and potential clinical impact of each part of the radiotherapy process were prospectively analyzed and understood, the causes and current measures were analyzed for each failure mode and preventive measures were proposed and risk management measures were taken accordingly.Results:The IORT process was divided into 8 modules with 14 failure modes. The highest OR value was unsatisfactory target area confirmation (7 points), the highest SR value was equipment failure to discharge the beam (10 points), the highest DR value was wrong key entry after dose calculation (7 points), the highest RPN values were unsatisfactory target area confirmation (210 points) and ineffective protection of endangered organs (180 points). Weaknesses were corrected according to priorities, workflows were optimized and more effective management methods were developed.Conclusion:FMEA is an effective method of IORT management and contributes to reducing the occurrence of potential risks.

Dual amplification in a fluorometric acetamiprid assay by using an aptamer, G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme, and graphene quantum dots functionalized with D-penicillamine and histidine.

D-penicillamine and histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dot (DPA-GQD-His) was synthesized and applied in a fluorometric method for determination of acetamiprid using a G-quadruplex DNAzyme. At first DNA probe (probe 1) consists of a target-specific aptamer with two arms of DNA segments. Probe 1 was hybridized with DNA probe 2 composed of a single DNA sequence with two split G-rich DNA sequences. This leads to the formation of a triplex-to-G-quadruplex (TPGQ). Next, acetamiprid was hybridized with the aptamer in the TPGQ to release free DNA probe 2. The released probe 2, in the presence of of K+, undergoes a structural change into a stem-loop structure (by self-complementary hybridization and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding) that bears a G-quadruplex structure. This is followed by conjugation with hemin to form the G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme. The DNAzyme catalyzes the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine by H2O2 to produce a yellow fluorescent product with excitation/emission maxima at 420/560 nm. The oxidation product interacts with DPA-GQD-His to achieve a rapid energy transfer between DPA-GQD-His and oxidation product. This increases the fluorescence of the oxidation product and quenches the fluorescence of DPA-GQD-His. DPA-GQD-His also improves the catalytic activity of DNAzyme towards oxidation of ophenylenediamine oxidization and enhances fluorometric response to acetamiprid. The assay works in the 1.0 fM to 1.0 nM acetamiprid concentration range and has a 0.38 fM detection limit. It was successfully applied to the determination of acetamiprid in tea. Graphical abstractThe study reported one double amplification strategy for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of acetamiprid in tea with D-penicillamine and histidine-functionalized graphene quantum dots and G-quadruplex/heminDNAzyme. The analtyical method exhibits ultra high sensitivity, selectivity and rapidity of fluorescence response to acetamiprid.

A Standard Method for Performance Detection of Fluorescence Imaging System / 中国医疗器械杂志

Fluorescence imaging now becomes an intraoperative navigation technique that gaining popularity in surgery and clinical research. However, at present, there is no mature and reliable method or other related guidance documents for the detection of fluorescence imaging performance. The performance analysis and quality supervision of products on the market could not be performed, which affects their clinical use and image quality. In this paper, a standard method of fluorescence imaging performance testing for fluorescence imaging system is proposed. Several kinds of fluorescence imaging performance parameters affecting fluorescence images are defined strictly. We also recommend scientific and feasible methods for their detections and analyses, which are verified by practical examples. This paper aims to provide a feasible reference standard for fluorescence performance evaluation.

Association between metal cobalt exposure and the risk of congenital heart defect occurrence in offspring: a multi-hospital case-control study

BACKGROUND@#Many studies have investigated heavy metal exposure could increase the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, there are limited data regarding the relationship between cobalt exposure and CHD occurrence in offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between cobalt exposure in mothers and the risk of CHDs in offspring.@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#In order to explore the association between cobalt exposure and occurrence of congenital heart defect (CHD), a case-control study with 490 controls and 399 cases with CHDs in China were developed. The concentrations of cobalt in hair of pregnant woman and fetal placental tissue were measured and processed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between cobalt exposure and risk of CHDs.@*RESULTS@#The median concentration of hair cobalt in the control and case group was 0.023 ng/mg and 0.033 ng/mg (aOR, 1.837; 95% CI, 1.468-2.299; P < 0.001), respectively. And the median (5-95% range) fetal placental cobalt concentrations were 19.350 ng/g and 42.500 ng/g (aOR, 2.924; 95% CI, 2.211-3.868; P < 0.001) in the control and case groups, respectively. Significant differences in the middle level of cobalt in hair were found in the different CHD subtypes, including septal defects, conotruncal defects, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (P < 0.001). Dramatically, different cobalt concentrations in fetal placental tissue were found in all subtypes of cases with CHDs (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The finding suggested that the occurrence of CHDs may be associated with cobalt exposure.

Characteristics of elderly frequent clinic attenders in a Shanghai community health service center / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of elderly frequent clinic attenders in a Shanghai community health service center.Methods The medical records of patients over 60 year who visited Shanghai Weifang Community Health Center clinic from October 2014 to October 2017 were obtained from the hospital outpatient management system.The persistent frequent attenders were defined as whose visiting times were among the top 10％ of attendance in the three consecutive years.The general condition and disease characteristics of persistent frequent attenders were analyzed and compared with those of non-frequent attenders and transient frequent attenders.Results There were total 19 240 patients paying 1 171 thousand clinic visits in the center for three years,the persistent frequent attenders accounted for 5.3％ (1 029) of total patients and had 21.4％ of total visits (251 thousand);those figures for transient frequent attenders were 10.2％(1 965) and 23.9％ (280 thousand);for non-frequent attenders were 84.5％ (16 246) and 54.7％(640 thousand),respectively.The average annual visits of three groups were (81.4 ± 27.5),(47.5 ± 21.4) and (13.1± 11.1) times,respectively.The reasons for encounter in persistent frequent attenders were:coronary heart disease (11.2％,48 thousand),cerebral insufficiency (3.5％,15 thousand),joint pain (2.5％,11 thousand),osteoporosis (2.9％,13 thousand) and sequelae of stroke (2.1％,9 thousand).Age above 70(OR=2.163,95％CI:1.872-2.498),age above 80 (OR=2.243,95％CI 1.895-2.655),female sex (OR=1.426,95％CI:1.249-1.627) and contracting general practitioners (OR=5.665,95％CI 4.217-7.611) were associated with persistent frequent attendance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Elderly frequent attenders occupy large outpatient resources of community health center,and age,gender and contracting status could affect their attending frequency.

A survey on the prevalence of depression symptoms and risk factors among postgraduates in a university in Shanghai / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate thedepression status and the related risk factors of depression among postgraduates in a university in Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 249 postgraduates from a university in Shanghai to investigate the general information,depression status and awareness of graduate students through the Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and self-made questionnaires.Results In this survey,the overall prevalence of depression symptoms among postgraduates was 49.8％ (124/249);36.1％ (90/249) had mild depressive symptoms,9.2％ (23/249) had moderate symptoms,2.8％ (7/249) had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms,and 1.6％ (4/249) had severe depressive symptoms.83.9％ (208/249) of postgraduates believed that the occurrence and development of depression is related to academic pressure;54.2％ (135/249) of them believed that psychosomatic treatment can reduce the occurrence and development of depressive symptoms;when they are aware of depressive symptoms,87.6％ (218/249) of them chose to go to the psychological counseling center.Medical students (OR =0.441,95 ％ CI:0.232-0.837),personality (OR =0.562,95 ％ CI:0.326-0.969) and physical fitness (OR =2.813,95％ CI:1.524-5.190) were associated with depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Non-medical students,feeling introverted and poor physical quality are the risk factors of depressive symptoms in postgraduates and need to be alert to mental health of the students with these factors.

Effectiveness and safety of interleukin-2 plus cisplatin for treating malignant pleural effusion:a meta analysis / 重庆医学

Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interleukin-2 plus cisplatin for treating ma-lignant pleural effusion(MPE)to provide a basis for clinical treatment strategy.Methods CBM,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,Pubmed, Embase,Cochrane library clinical trial registration database were systematically retrieved.The randomized controlled trial(RCT) quality assessment criteria of Cochrane collaboration network was adopted for including the study quality.The data were extracted by meta analysis.Results (1)Thirty-four RCT involving 2 037 MPE patients were included,the quality of included RCT was ordi-nary;(2)compared with simple cisplatin,the merged RR values and their 95%CI of meta-analysis for ORR,fever,were 1.45 (1.36-1.54),2.37 (1.53 -3.66),respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion This study indicates that IL-2 plus cisplatin can significantly improve the clinical curative effect in the pa-tients with MPE,but has the adverse reactions of fever,etc.and the quality of included RCT is general.

Influences of sulfated polysaccharide from pine (Pinus massoniana) pollen on the regulation of [ Ca2+] i in T lymphocytes / 中国药理学通报

Aim Tostudytheinfluencesofsulfated polysaccharides ( SPPM60-D) on the regulation of free calcium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) of T lymphocytes of mice in vitro and explore the mechanisms involved. Methods Polysaccharides(PPM60)wereextracted from masson pine pollen with hot water and 60% etha-nol. PPM60-D was separated and purified from PPM60 with Sephacryl S-400HR. Sulfated polysaccharides ( SPPM60-D ) were derivated by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method and the [ Ca2+] i of T lymphocytes were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer. IL-2 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA kits. Results ConAandSPPM60-Dcouldincrease[Ca2+]iinT lymphocytes by 211. 5% and 201. 8% respectively ( P<0. 01). 2-APB, LY294002, U73122 and verapamil rather than TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the in-crease of [ Ca2+] i induced by SPPM60-D. SPPM60-D could significantly increase the level of IL-2 and IL-4 in supernatant ( P <0. 01 ) . 2-APB rather than TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the increase of cyto-kines.Conclusion ItisspeculatedthatSPPM60-D could increase [ Ca2+ ] i via TCR/CD3-PI3K-PLC-IP3 R-Ca2+ signal pathway through TCD/CD3 receptor in T lymphocytes so that it could improve the level of IL-2 and IL-4 in supernatant in T lymphocytes.

Immunosuppression mediated by porcine FcγRⅢin PRRSV infection to PAMS / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To study immunosuppression mediated by the porcine FcγRⅢ in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PRRSV ) infection to pulmonary alveolar macrophages ( PAMS ).Methods: In this study pulmonary alveolar macrophages cells were treated with containing 200 TCID50 PRRSV,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/ml) and purified mouse anti-pig FcγRⅢIgG (550 μg/ml) separately,simultaneously,PAM cells treated with purified mouse anti-pig FcγRⅢIgG (550 μg/ml) was infected by 200 TCID50 PRRSV ,untreated PAM cells as the control group.Each group were post-cultured 12,24,36,48,60,72 h, the cells and the supernatant were collected.The dynamic variation of PRRSV RNA copies in inoculation group were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method.mRNA level of IFN-αand TNF-αin each group were detected by using relative fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:The result showed that mRNA level of IFN-αwas improved during PRRSV infection to PAMS 12-24 h,and mRNA level of IFN-αwas inhibited during 36-72 h,then mRNA level of IFN-αrecovered normally; mRNA level of TNF-αwas increased slightly post-infection 12-72 h.IFN-αand TNF-αmRNA levels of PAM cells treated with LPS were both up-regu-lated,using the purified mouse anti-pig FcγRⅢ IgG to treat the PAM cells,selective activation of porcine FcγRⅢ in the PAM cells down-regulated significantly mRNA levels of IFN-αand TNF-α.PRRSV infection assay mediated by selective activation FcγRⅢof the PAM cells inhibited antiviral cytokine ( IFN-αand TNF-α) mRNA levels.Conclusion:The results show selective activation of FcγRⅢinhibited significantly mRNA levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-αand TNF-αof host cells,and innate antiviral immune response to PRRSV infection.

Using the concept of Chou's pseudo amino acid composition to predict protein solubility: an approach with entropies in information theory.

Protein solubility plays a major role and has strong implication in the proteomics. Predicting the propensity of a protein to be soluble or to form inclusion body is a fundamental and not fairly resolved problem. In order to predict the protein solubility, almost 10,000 protein sequences were downloaded from NCBI. Then the sequences were eliminated for the high homologous similarity by CD-HIT. Thus, there were 5692 sequences remained. Based on protein sequences, amino acid and dipeptide compositions were generally extracted to predict protein solubility. In this study, the entropy in information theory was introduced as another predictive factor in the model. Experiments involving nine different feature vector combinations, including the above-mentioned three kinds of factors, were conducted with support vector machines (SVMs) as prediction engine. Each combination was evaluated by re-substitution test and 10-fold cross-validation test. According to the evaluation results, the accuracies and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) values were boosted by the introduction of the entropy. The best combination was the one with amino acid, dipeptide compositions and their entropies. Its accuracy reached 90.34% and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) value was 0.7494 in re-substitution test, while 88.12% and 0.7945 respectively for 10-fold cross-validation. In conclusion, the introduction of the entropy significantly improved the performance of the predictive method.

Predicting protein solubility with a hybrid approach by pseudo amino acid composition.

Protein solubility plays a major role for understanding the crystal growth and crystallization process of protein. How to predict the propensity of a protein to be soluble or to form inclusion body is a long but not fairly resolved problem. After choosing almost 10,000 protein sequences from NCBI database and eliminating the sequences with 90% homologous similarity by CD-HIT, 5692 sequences remained. By using Chou's pseudo amino acid composition features, we predict the soluble protein with the three methods: support vector machine (SVM), back propagation neural network (BP Neural Network) and hybrid method based on SVM and BP Neural Network, respectively. Each method is evaluated by re-substitution test and 10-fold cross-validation test. In the re-substitution test, the BP Neural Network performs with the best results, in which the accuracy achieves 0.9288 and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) achieves 0.8513. Meanwhile, the other two methods are better than BP Neural Network in 10-fold cross-validation test. The hybrid method based on SVM and BP Neural Network is the best. The average accuracy is 0.8678 and average MCC is 0.7233. Although all of the three methods achieve considerable evaluations, the hybrid method is deemed to be the best, according to the performance comparison.

Sequencing analysis on rpoB gene mutation of rifampin-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis / 基础医学与临床

Objective Genetic evaluation of relationship between rpoB gene mutation and rifampin-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).Methods This study was carded out with 81 clinical isolates and sensitivity test and genotypic analysis by PCR amplification and sequencing of rpoB gene were performed.Results Among these isolates,there were 27 rifampin-resistant and 54 sensitive strains.Of the 27 drug-resistant isolates,20 (74.1%) carried mutations on the amplified fragment of the rpoB gene with 10 mutation types at seven codons including 531 and 526,and two new mutation patterns were recognized.On the uther hand,one mutation (1.9%) appeared in 54 drug-sensitive strains.Conclusion The study shows geographical variation in the mutation types of rpoB gene in M.tuberculosis isolates from Guizhou,China.The result is valuable for the development of fast diagnostic methods.