Gross, histomorphological and histochemical changes in thyroid gland of goat with age. II. Occurrence of ultimobranchial follicles.

Occurrence and histomorphology of ultimobranchial follicles in the thyroid glands of 26 goats of six different age groups (ranging from 20 days to above five years) was studied. The occurrence of ultimobranchial follicles was 38.46%. In 15.38% of the cases, it was found with and in 23.08% without any association of the thymic tissue. Its association with parathyroid tissue has also been recorded in one of the goats aged 7 months 11 days. Their size and shape varied greatly and were narrow and wide tubular, epithelial pear like, long follicle with colloid, sheet of stratified squamous cells attached to follicle, bilobed, evaginated and a group of follicles. The latter three forms of follicles were due to the branching of main stem UB follicle, present at different levels. They were located in perivascular connective tissue in the deeper zone of the thyroid gland but their presence in periphery of thyroid gland within the capsule was not uncommon. The epithelial lining of these follicles was highly variable from simple squamous to columnar with or without cilia which may be stratified. Light cells were seen among epithelial lining. The lumen of the follicles was filled with nucleated, non-nucleated and colloid debris which was PAS-positive. In older animal colloid contained acid mucopolysaccharides.

Gross, histomorphological and histochemical changes in thyroid gland of goat with age. IV. Histomorphological study.

Histomorphological changes on the thyroid gland of 26 goats of different ages ranging from 20 days to over 5 years and of both the sexes were studied. The main fibroarchitecture was of collagen and reticular fibres, the latter fibres being gradually replaced by former with advancing age. The presence of thyroid lobule was observed in all age groups. The interfollicular connective tissue was constantly found around the follicle and increase with age. The follicles became irregular in outline and their diameter increased in the older subjects. The follicular epithelium comprised of two types of cells--Follicular cell and light cell and had tendency to become squamous with ageing. The mitotic division was occasional in younger and rare in older age groups. The mode of secretion was of merocrine and apocrine type. The solid form of colloid was observed in oldest goat. Accessory thyroid tissue and isthmus had similar histomorphology, however, the glandular sthmus was replaced by fibrous tissue with ageing.

Regional and age associated changes in the umbilical artery of goat.

The umbilical arteries from 42 goate ranging between 1 day to over 6 years of age have been studied serially throughout their length. The histomorphology at the point of its origin and the progressive changes in the artery during its course towards its termination as well as with age have been discussed.

Histomorphological and morphometric changes in the spleen of ageing goats.

The spleens of twenty four goats of both the sex and the females at various phases of estrus cycle aged from 20 days to over five years have been studied for their varying histomorphology with age. The morphometric studies included the computation of percent white pulp, percent red pulp, percent trabecular tissue, size of white pulp follicles and number of white pulp follicles per cm2 area. Agewise and sexual and cyclic changes in these parameters have been presented with the help of statistically analysed data by applying multiple range test and computing the correlation coefficients and regression equations. The interrelationship between different parameters have also been considered. The results have been discussed in light of above with graphic presentation including the scatter diagrams and the regression lines.

Histomorphological and histochemical studies on the female genitalia of ageing goat. IV. Histomorphology of ovarian cortex.

The germinal epithelium of goat ovary was found to be lined with simple cuboidal cells which became taller and then pseudostratified columnar towards its continuity with the epithelium lining the fallopian tube. Flattened germinal epithelium and interruptions in it were common in animals older than 3 years of age. Thickness of tunica albuginea increased with age. Total number of follicles per unit sectional area and percentage of primary follicles were computed to increase upto one year of age, whereafter decreased considerably by over five years. Percent secondary follicles, percent large follicles (including those at very early stages of atresia) and percent advanced atretic follicles were recorded to increase with age over one year and onwards. Considering estrous cyclic changes it was interpreted that the tunica albuginea was thickest at proestrus and gradually thinned towards diestrus, whereas, total number of follicles and number of primary follicles per unit sectional area and percent primary follicles were calculated to be the highest at proestrus showing decreasing trend towards diestrus where it was the lowest. However, percent secondary follicles, percent large follicles and percent advanced atretic follicles showed increasing trend towards the end of diestrus though comparatively greater variation was recorded at early periods in the cycle.

Histomorphology and histochemistry of renal, colliac and anterior mesenteric arteries of ageing goat.

Renal, coeliac and anterior mesenteric arteries from 33 goats of 20 days to over five years of age have been studied. A detailed description of the structure of renal artery of goat, the general histomorphological and histochemical differences in coeliac and anterior mesenteric arteries and the relative extent of age associated changes in them have been discussed.

Histomorphological and histochemical study of mucosa of fallopian tube of ageing goat.

The mucosa of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus of fallopian tubes from 24 female goats aged from 2 months 24 days to 5 years 2 months and 18 days have been studied. The transition of mucosal folds, the lining epithelium and its cell types from Infundibulum towards uterine end, and changes in relation to the age and phases of estrous cycle have been reported. The most striking findings were: a) in goat the fallopian tube like that of sheep was lined chiefly by nonciliated type of cells in infundibulum, whereas the ciliated cells increased caudally, almost all being nonsecretory type in the isthmus; b) the presence of smooth muscle cells as identified with Gomori's one step trichrome stain was observed in the goat fallopian tube in case of mucosal folds specifically at the sites of branchings which anastomose with the adjacent ones; c) the PAS positive secretory material was found to be associated with glycogen acid mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins as demonstrated by Best's carmine, Alcian blue-PAS and Bismark brown reactions, respectively.

Histomorphological and histochemical studies on the female genitalia of aging goat. I. Lipid histochemistry of ovary.

Paraffin sections of ovaries from 24 goats stained by Acetone Sudan Black B method for bound lipids and Copper-Phthalocyanin method for phospholipids revealed at least two categories of interstitial cells containing sudanophilic lipids with phospholipids. First category were those which were assumed to be formed from theca interna cells of atretic follicles. Second category included those originating probably from the granulosa cells of primordial follicles and form a continuous zone under the tunica albuginea. Another zone of interstitial gland cells presumed to be originated from the germinal epithelium has also been recognized under the latter. Appearance of sudanophilic material in relation to atresia of follicles in goat ovary has been reported.

Histomorphological and histochemical studies on systemic and pulmonary arteries of goat with advancing age. III. Calcium deposition in different arteries of ageing goat.

Thirty three goats, ranging from twenty days to over five years, were included in present investigation which revealed calcification of the different layers of seventeen different collateral arterial branches as well as various aortic segments. The initial appearance of calcium deposition and its progression with advancing age in goats was noted. The calcium deposition in the elastic elements, smooth muscle cells of tunica media, and constituents of tunica adventitia was observed and discussed in light of the available literature in domestic animals.

Histomorphological and histochemical studies on the female genitalia of aging goat. III. Polyovular follicles and polynuclear ova in ovary.

Polyovular follicles and polynuclear ova have been recorded to occur only in 5 goats out of 24 goats of ages between 2 months 24 days and 5 years 2 months 18 days, studied. These structures were recognized at proestrus, estrus and metestrus only but never in the animals over 1 year of age. Polyovular and polynuclear follicles with no apparent degenerative changes were seen at estrus whereas degenerating ones were commonly seen at proestrus and metestrus also.

Reiter's disease in three boys.

Three cases of Reiter's disease occurring in boys under the age of 16 are reported. One of these presented with a Salmonella enteritidis diarrhoea. This conforms to the 'dysenteric' form of Reiter's disease usually seen in Europe and rarely reported in England. Another presented with a monarticular arthritis of the knee, and the third has developed a chronic relapsing erosive arthritis as a result of sexually acquired Reiter's disease--an occurrence not previously reported in this age group. We draw attention to the frequency of diarrhoea in these children and the sex incidence of 1 female to 4--5 males, which agrees more with Reiter's disease of dysenteric origin than that acquired venereally.