3D Printing Technologies for Removable Dentures Manufacturing: A Review of Potentials and Challenges.

The aim of this review is to investigate the use of 3D printing technologies for removable denture fabrication with a focus on the advantages, potentials, disadvantages and barriers. METHODS: An electronic search of the English language literature from 1970 to March 2020 was carried out in databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was performed using a variety of keywords including 3D printing, rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, dentures/complete dentures. RESULTS: A total of 412 publications were retrieved. After applying the inclusion criteria and excluding the studies on CAD/CAM, studies on 3D printed crown and bridge and studies on 3D printed metal framework, 18 articles were identified for reading and analyzing in details. The results have outlined the main 3D printing advantages such as saving working time, satisfying clinical results and securing patients records. The detected disadvantages were the strength, esthetics and material biocompatibility. CONCLUSION: Denture fabrication by 3D printing technology is becoming more common in dental clinics. However, there is still a lack of information about biocompatibility and clinical performance of 3D printed dentures and further studies are essential.

Maternal complications associated with severe preeclampsia.

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension disorders are associated with higher rates of maternal, fetal, and infant mortality, and severe morbidity, especially in cases of severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine maternal outcomes in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. DATA SOURCE: The data source consisted of 349 cases with severe preeclampsia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 349 cases of severe preeclampsia in pregnancy. SETTING/PERIOD: The patients selected for this study were from those who presented at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology during 2007-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and conducting Chi square and independent sample t tests. Demographic data involving age, parity, gestational age, clinical, and laboratory findings were recorded from the medical files. In addition, delivery route, indications of cesarean delivery, and maternal complications were determined. RESULTS: Of the 349 severely preeclampsia cases, among the 22 cases (6.3 %) who had suffered from eclamptic seizers, 17 cases (77.3 %) were in the age group of 18-35 years (P = 0.351) and 13 cases (59.1 %) in the gestational age group of 28-37 weeks (P = 0.112). One case (0.3 %) was demonstrated to have HELLP syndrome. Placental abruption was obstetric complication in 7.7 % (27 cases). Delivery route was vaginal in 120 cases (34.4 %), while 229 cases (65.6 %) underwent cesarean delivery. The most frequent maternal complication (37 cases) reported was coagulopathy (10.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with higher rates of maternal severe morbidity and that these two factors still remain the major contributors to maternal morbidity in Iran.