ABSTRACT
Public health experts worldwide have emphasized cervical cancer since it is a substantial global health burden primarily affecting women. This article thoroughly reviews the public health approach to eradicating and managing cervical cancer. The public health community seeks to lower the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality linked to this preventable disease by integrating primary prevention by means of vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV), secondary prevention using screening and early identification, and tertiary prevention through improved therapy and supportive care. In order to accomplish broad vaccination coverage and ultimately effectively prevent cervical cancer, it remains crucial to address obstacles to vaccine accessibility, reluctance, and fair distribution. Early identification and subsequent treatments depend greatly on cervical cancer screening programs. This study explores several screening methods, such as Papanicolaou (Pap) tests based on cytology and cutting-edge technologies like molecular assays and HPV detection. The detection of precancerous lesions and early-stage malignancies, permitting prompt treatment, has shown significant promise when integrating these technologies into coordinated population-based screening programs. The study also underlines the significance of addressing cervical cancer burden inequities, particularly in resource-constrained areas where access to preventative and curative care is constrained. Innovative and affordable methods for addressing marginalized groups are studied, including community-based outreach programs, mobile health technology, and local healthcare practitioners and community leaders in awareness campaigns. The research also examines improvements in cervical cancer treatment procedures, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. It improves therapeutic efficacy and patient survival rates by incorporating various modalities into a multidisciplinary strategy. Highlighted palliative care and psychological support are crucial for patients who have advanced cervical carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it abundantly clear how crucial biomedical science is to pandemic control and prevention on a global scale. The importance of biomedical science in the fight against pandemics has increased with the appearance of new, deadly infectious diseases. Biomedical science and engineering have been presented as possible areas for combating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to the unique challenges raised by the pandemic, as reported by epidemiologists, immunologists, and doctors, including the survival, symptoms, protein surface composition, and infection mechanisms of COVID-19. These multidisciplinary engineering concepts are applied to design and develop prevention methods, diagnostics, monitoring, and therapies. An infectious disease outbreak that has spread over a sizable region, such as several continents or the entire world, and is affecting a sizable number of people is referred to as a "pandemic. While current knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still limited, various (old and new) biomedical approaches have been developed and tested. Here, we review the emerging applications of biomedical science in pandemic prevention and control, including rapid diagnosis tests, the development of vaccines, antiviral therapies, artificial intelligence, genome sequencing, and personal protective equipment. Biomedical science and nanotechnology are two fields that have the potential to combine to develop emerging applications for combating pandemics. In this review, we also discuss the intersection of biomedical science and nanotechnology in pandemic prevention and control.
