[Lung disease and HIV infection in children at the Charles de Gaulle university pediatric hospital center in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. / Pneumopathies et infection VIH chez l'enfant au centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles-de-Gaulle de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

To compare the clinical and radiological aspects of lung diseases in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children, we conducted a retrospective case control study covering a 3-year period from January 2003 through December 2005 at Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center in Ouagadougou. HIV-positive patients hospitalised for lung disease were matched to HIV-negative patients controls, hospitalised for the same symptoms, by age and date of hospitalisation. The study included 186 patients (93 HIV-positive and 93 HIV-negative) and collected data on age, sex, clinical signs, radiological signs and short-term course. Of the 93 HIV-positive children suspected to have been contaminated by mother-to-child transmission, 92 had HIV1 and 1 had a double infection of HIV1 and 2. The mean age in both groups was 48 months. Clinically severe lung disease (44%) was more common in HIV-positive children. Radiology showed that interstitial syndrome was significantly more common in HIV-positive children (p=0001) with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 60%. The case-fatality rate was 4.2% among HIV-positive children. This study allows us to remind paediatricians of the importance of lung disease in HIV-infected children. Moreover, the vertical transmission responsible for disease in all our patients shows the need to accelerate the scaling up of the program for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in our country.

[Radiographic and ultrasonographic diagnosis of a left thoracic mass]. / Diagnostic radiologique et échographique d'une masse thoracique gauche.

A chest roentgenogram of a 69-year-old man undergoing a check-up before prostate surgery showed a mass in the antero-inferior zone of the lung, just above the diaphragm. At ultrasonography, it was considered to be a thoracic ectopic kidney. This radiological case illustrates the place of this anomaly in the differential diagnosis of lung solitary mass, which can be explored with ultrasonography when retroperitoneal herniation is suspected.

[CT dacryography without selective lacrimal duct catheterization: review of 39 patients]. / Dacryoscanner par instillation sans cathétérisme des voies lacrymales: 39 patients.

OBJECTIVES: Dacryographies and CT dacryographies are usually performed after catheterization of a lacrimal canaliculus. We evaluated the quality of opacification on CT scan after simple instillation of contrast medium, without any catheterization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 39 patients (78 nasolacrimal ducts) were examined for lacrimal pathways obstruction by CT scan after instillation of diluted contrast medium. Additional CT scan imaging was performed after catheterization when the first study did not provide adequate opacification. RESULTS: CT dacryography after instillation is a well tolerated technique. In our study, it allowed detection of all pathologic lacrimal ducts; 7 normal lacrimal pathways (after catheterization) were not opacified after instillation (false positives). The sensitivity of the method was 100%, its specificity 84%. CONCLUSION: CT dacryography after instillation is a physiologic, simple and sensitive method to evaluate lacrimal obstruction. We propose it as a first step, catheterization being used only in the absence of opacification after instillation.