ABSTRACT
Self-development is a central developmental issue in adolescence, there are few studies describing the experiences related to the self in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted semi-structural interviews with 14 adolescents with ASD and three with ADHD to describe the self. As a result of inductive continuous comparison analysis, three concepts "Interest in self and self-realization", "Intentionality and self-transformation", "Unrealized/unnoticed self" were generated. It was suggested that the characteristic perceptions may tend to have difficulty realizing subjective selves.Otherwise, most adolescents realized various sense of self through interaction with others. Nurses should know adolescents' inner world and share their emotions related to their self-recognition in order to provide care that meets important youth developmental needs.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Interview, Psychological/methods , Qualitative Research , Self Concept , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Emotions/physiology , Humans , Interview, Psychological/standards , Male , Self Report/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To delineate the critical decision-making processes that paediatricians apply when treating children with life-threatening conditions and the psychosocial experience of paediatricians involved in such care. DESIGN: We conducted semistructured, individual face-to-face interviews for each participant from 2014 to 2015. The content of each interview was subjected to a comprehensive qualitative analysis. The categories of dilemma were extracted from a second-round content analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were board-certified paediatricians with sufficient experience in making decisions in relation to children with severe illnesses or disabilities. We repeated purposive sampling and analyses until we reached saturation of the category data. RESULTS: We performed interviews with 15 paediatricians. They each reported both unique and overlapping categories of dilemmas that they encountered when making critical decisions. The dilemmas included five types of causal elements: (1) paediatricians' convictions; (2) the quest for the best interests of patients; (3) the quest for medically appropriate plans; (4) confronting parents and families and (5) socioenvironmental issues. Dilemmas occurred and developed as conflicting interactions among these five elements. We further categorised these five elements into three principal domains: the decision-maker (decider); consensus making among families, colleagues and society (process) and the consequential output of the decision (consequence). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first qualitative study to demonstrate the framework of paediatricians' decision-making processes and the complex structures of dilemmas they face. Our data indicate the necessity of establishing and implementing an effective support system for paediatricians, such as structured professional education and arguments for creating social consensus that assist them to reach the best plan for the management of severely ill children.
Subject(s)
Clinical Decision-Making , Critical Care , Critical Illness/therapy , Pediatricians , Adult , Clinical Competence , Clinical Decision-Making/ethics , Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Critical Care/ethics , Critical Care/psychology , Emotional Intelligence , Female , Humans , Japan , Male , Middle Aged , Pediatricians/education , Pediatricians/ethics , Pediatricians/psychology , Pediatrics/methods , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the factors affecting the research productivity of young nursing faculty in Japan. METHODS: An online survey targeting young nursing scholars (aged ≤ 39 years) who were members of the Japan Academy of Nursing Science was conducted from October to November 2012. Of 1634 potential respondents, 648 completed the survey (39.7%), and 400 full-time faculty of a baccalaureate degree program were selected for the analysis. The numbers of English-language and Japanese publications in the past 3 years were regressed onto personal characteristics, such as academic degree and type of university. RESULTS: The mean numbers of publications in English and Japanese in the past 3 years were 0.41 and 1.63, respectively. Holding a doctoral degree was significantly related to a higher number of publications in English and Japanese (e(ß) = 5.78 and e(ß) = 1.89, respectively). Working at a national university (e(ß) = 2.15), having a research assistant (e(ß) = 2.05), and the ability to read research articles in English (e(ß) = 2.27) were significantly related to more English-language publications. Having the confidence to conduct quantitative research (e(ß) = 1.67) was related to a larger number of Japanese publications. The lack of mentoring (e(ß) = 0.97) and university workload (e(ß) = 0.96) were associated with a lesser number of Japanese publications. CONCLUSION: The research productivity of young nursing faculty appeared to be quite low. Strategies to enhance research productivity in young nursing faculty, such as encouraging the achievement of a doctoral degree or enrichment of research resources, should be undertaken.
Subject(s)
Faculty, Nursing , Internet , Nursing Research , Publishing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Japan , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parents of children with incurable cancer face difficulties in making end-of-life decisions, and thus far, little research has been conducted on the thoughts and perceptions of these parents. PURPOSE: The study aims to describe parental thoughts and perceptions when they hear that their child has incurable cancer. METHODS: Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 23 parents who had lost children to cancer. A constant comparative content analysis was also conducted. RESULTS: Regarding parental thoughts, five categories emerged: "not allowing my child to die," "being compelled to continue cancer-directed/life-sustaining treatment," "wanting to put an end to my child's suffering and wanting him/her to be comfortable," "valuing my child's wish and dignity," and "wanting to be there for my child." However, some parents did not mention all five categories. Regarding parental perceptions of their children's condition, six categories emerged: "understanding change/deterioration of my child's condition," "recognition of my child's sufferings," "awareness of the possible death of my child," "no recognition of my child's impending death as reality," "avoiding facing my child's death," and "realizing the truth and coming to terms with the reality of death." CONCLUSION: When parents were told that their child had incurable cancer, their first thought was to protect their child. Because thoughts and perceptions in such a situation vary across parents, health care professionals should support parents in realizing their thoughts and perceptions and in making decision as parents.
