ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of seven days daidzein pretreatment in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. METHODS: We assessed the survival benefit of daidzein and its effect on lung injury in CLP-induced sepsis in mice and determined the bacterial load in peritoneal fluid, blood, and lung homogenates. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and corticosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; relative mRNA expression was estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and standard biochemical techniques were used to measure nitrite level, myeloperoxidase activity, and vascular permeability. RESULTS: Daidzein pretreatment for seven days at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously increased the survival time of septic mice. Daidzein decreased the bacterial load in peritoneal fluid, blood, and lungs, reduced the tumor necrosis factor α and nitrite level in plasma, and partially suppressed lung injury by reducing vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity in septic mice. Further, it restored the relative mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, glucocorticoid receptor α, and glucocorticoid receptor ß genes in septic lungs were restored by daidzein pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Daidzein pretreatment for 7 d in sepsis increased the survival time in mice, which may be relate to decrease in bacterial load, anti-inflammatory effect, and protection from lung injury.
Subject(s)
Isoflavones/therapeutic use , Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use , Sepsis/drug therapy , Acute Lung Injury/etiology , Acute Lung Injury/prevention & control , Animals , Bacterial Load , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cecum/surgery , Corticosterone/metabolism , Drug Administration Schedule , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Injections, Subcutaneous , Male , Mice , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitrites/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sepsis/metabolism , Sepsis/microbiology , Sepsis/mortality , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to characterize TRPV4 channels in the rat pulmonary artery and examine their role in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Tension, Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) and Western blot experiments were conducted on left and right branches of the main pulmonary artery from male Wistar rats. TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A (GSK) caused concentration-related robust relaxation (Emax 88.6±5.5%; pD2 8.7±0.2) of the endothelium-intact pulmonary artery. Endothelium-denudation nearly abolished the relaxation (Emax 5.6±1.3%) to GSK. TRPV4 channel selective antagonist HC067047 significantly attenuated GSK-induced relaxation (Emax 56.2±6.6% vs. control Emax 87.9±3.3%) in endothelium-intact vessels, but had no effect on either ACh-induced endothelium-dependent or SNP-induced endothelium-independent relaxations. GSK-induced relaxations were markedly inhibited either in the presence of NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (Emax 8.5±2.7%) or sGC inhibitor ODQ (Emax 28.1±5.9%). A significant portion (Emax 30.2±4.4%) of endothelium-dependent relaxation still persisted in the combined presence of L-NAME and cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. This EDHF-mediated relaxation was sensitive to inhibition by 60mM K(+) depolarizing solution or K(+) channel blockers apamin (SKCa; KCa2.3) and TRAM-34 (IKCa; KCa3.1). GSK (10(-10)-10(-7)M) caused either modest decrease or increase in the basal tone of endothelium-intact or denuded rings, respectively. We found a greater abundance (>1.5 fold) of TRPV4 mRNA and protein expressions in endothelium-intact vs. denuded vessels, suggesting the presence of this channel in pulmonary endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well. The present study demonstrated that NO and EDHF significantly contributed to TRPV4 channel-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rat pulmonary artery.
