ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infectious disease, primarily affecting the attachment apparatus of the dentition, and is categorized into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis on the basis of its severity. It is a well-established and proven fact that an adequate level of saliva is essential for maintaining the integrity of oral tissues including the periodontium. Although various factors, such as stimulation, circadian rhythm, diet, age, and drugs, can affect the salivary flow rate, many recent studies have provided evidence that it can be altered by pathological inflammatory conditions such as periodontal diseases. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to assess the unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in the different clinical stages of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised 60 study participants, who were divided into four groups depending on clinical attachment level (CAL). In all, both unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected, and the flow rate was expressed in milliliter per minute. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was accomplished with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences in salivary flow rate among the groups. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The amount of unstimulated saliva in healthy subjects, in mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis was 0.766, 0.400, 0.270, and 0.146 mL/min, respectively. Likewise, the amount of stimulated saliva in healthy subjects, in mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis was 1.017, 0.494, 0.347, and 0.236 mL/min, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study identified a significant decrease in both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate with the severity of progression of chronic periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate and validate minimal thickness required for computer-aided designed (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) monolithic zirconia crowns to withstand occlusal load. The study compares two systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight rapid prototype die models with varying occlusal reductions were fabricated. Group I samples had an axial wall height of 7.0 mm with occlusal reduction of 0.5 mm, group II had axial wall height 6.5 mm with occlusal reduction 1.0 mm, group III had axial wall height 6.0 mm with occlusal reduction of 1.5 mm. Control group IV had axial wall height 5.5 mm with occlusal reduction of 2.0 mm. Laboratories A (Czar) and B (3M) were provided with 24 samples each, 6 samples in each group for fabricating CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 mm occlusal thickness, respectively, and cemented using resin-modified glass ionomer cement over the die models. Samples were loaded on a universal testing machine for fracture testing. Surface topography analysis of fractured specimens was done under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and honestly significant difference (HSD) Tukey test to analyze statistical significance at 0.05 levels. RESULTS: Samples of laboratory A performed superior to laboratory B. The t test showed fracture resistance of group AI (0.5 mm) > group BII (1.0 mm) and also group AIII (1.5 mm) > control of Lab B (2 mm). CONCLUSION: Monolithic zirconia crowns showed a favorable mechanical property to withstand occlusal load with minimal tooth preparation. The occlusal thickness of Czar with 0.5 mm is found to resist fracture under physiological masticatory load. Scanning electron microscope revealed increased voids in the microstructure of 3M, which lead to decreased fracture resistance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Preservation of tooth structure can be considered using monolithic crowns with minimal thickness of 1 mm.
Subject(s)
Dental Porcelain , Dental Prosthesis Design , Crowns , Dental Stress Analysis , Materials Testing , ZirconiumABSTRACT
AIM: The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.
