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1.
Vet Res Commun ; 48(3): 1929-1933, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466541

ABSTRACT

In the present study, tissue samples (tongue, esophagus and heart) were investigated from dromedary camels of India for identification and characterization of Sarcocystis spp. using histopathology, PCR and gene sequencing. Genomic DNA extracted from these tissue samples was used for PCR amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) of Sarcocystis spp. and the partial sequence of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene of the S. cameli. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the cox1 gene, the sequences of the present study clustered with those of S. cameli, hosted by dromedary camels of Iraq and a close association was observed with S. masoni hosted by dogs and alpacas of China. Until now, there are no 18S rRNA sequences of S. cameli available in GenBank and this is the first study recording 18S rRNA sequences of S. cameli which were grouped with S. masoni from alpaca of China and guanaco and llama of Argentina in phylogenetic analysis. These findings could be useful for further studies on the characterization through molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and host specificity of S. cameli.


Subject(s)
Camelus , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S , Sarcocystis , Sarcocystosis , Animals , Sarcocystis/genetics , Sarcocystis/classification , Sarcocystis/isolation & purification , Camelus/parasitology , Sarcocystosis/veterinary , Sarcocystosis/parasitology , Sarcocystosis/epidemiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics , India/epidemiology , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis
2.
Anim Biotechnol ; 35(1): 2331642, 2024 Mar 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520296

ABSTRACT

Our study aimed to explore the genetic variation in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and establish its association with somatic cell score (SCS) and milk production traits in four Indian camel breeds namely Bikaneri, Kachchhi, Jaisalmeri and Mewari. TLR4 gene fragment of 573 bp spanning 5' UTR, exon-1 and partial intron-1 region was amplified and genotyped using the PCR-sequence based typing method. Only one SNP located at position C472T was identified. Genotyping revealed two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes: CC, CT and TT. The genotype frequencies for CC, CT and TT were 0.116, 0.326 and 0.558 and allele frequencies for C and T alleles were 0.279 and 0.721, respectively. Association study inferred that the effect of genotype on SCS, lactation yield (LY) and peak yield (PY) was non-significant however heterozygote (CT) genotypes recorded lower SCS and higher LY and PY. It can be concluded that the TLR4 gene possesses limited genetic variation, depicting polymorphism at a single locus in Indian camel breeds with a predominance of the TT genotype. The association study indicated that heterozygote animals possess better udder health and production performance, the statistical significance of which needs to be established using a large data set.


Subject(s)
Camelus , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Female , Animals , Camelus/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Milk , Polymorphism, Genetic , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Lactation/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
3.
Front Vet Sci ; 9: 956368, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35968023

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical developing countries. Nevertheless, reports on congenital TB in humans and animals are extremely rare. In this study, abortion was reported in an 8-year-old she-camel at the 9th month of gestation. The she-camel appeared healthy in clinical examination, had a good body condition score, normal appetite, and had no signs of respiratory disease and fever. The expelled placenta was dark red-colored, thickened, and edematous with multifocal to coalescing ecchymotic hemorrhages on the allantoic surface. The striking finding was multiple, white-yellow, solid nodular lesions in the fetal lung, the pleura, and the liver. On histopathology, typical granulomatous lesions were detected in the lung and the liver characterized by caseous necrosis surrounded by lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration and concentric layers of fibrosis. The Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected scarce acid-fast bacilli in lung and liver tissues. The DNA extracted from tubercular lesions from the lung and liver showed amplification of the IS6110 region of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close association of these sequences with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The she-camel was detected positive for a single intradermal tuberculin test performed 24 h after abortion. This is the first report on congenital TB caused by M. tuberculosis in a dromedary camel fetus with a possible vertical transmission.

4.
Heliyon ; 7(2): e06186, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33598582

ABSTRACT

Camelpox is a wide-spread infectious viral disease of camelids. An outbreak of camelpox was reported in 15 adult male dromedary camels aged between 10 to 16 years of an organized herd in winter season. The infected camels showed clinical signs of fever, anorexia, lachrymation, pendulous lips, excessive salivation and pock lesions on the skin of head, neck, mouth, lips, extremities, thigh, abdomen, scrotum and inguinal region. Mortalities were recorded in three infected camels after 10-12 days of infection and showed systemic pox lesions characterized by vesicles, papules, ulcerations and raised pock lesions in the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, tracheal mucosa, lung, abomasum and liver. Histopathology study revealed characteristic pox lesions with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in tongue. Lung showed lesion of interstitial pneumonia (n = 2) and bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n = 1). Liver showed infiltration of mononuclear cells around central veins and degenerative changes of hepatocytes. The abomasum and intestine showed ulcerations, marked capillary congestion and areas of lymphocyte infiltration in mucosa and submucosa. The presence of camelpox virus (CMLV) was confirmed in viral DNA isolated from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of tongue, lung, abomasum, liver, heart and intestine of infected camels by C18L gene PCR. The sequencing of viral DNAs showed phylogenetic relatedness with other CMLV isolates from India and other countries. Thus, our study confirmed the rare severe form of systemic camelpox outbreak in adult male dromedary camels hence future attention should be given for studies on virulence, strain identification and molecular epidemiology of CMLV for planning of effective preventive and control strategies.

5.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 52(6): 3923-3929, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33025455

ABSTRACT

In the present study, sudden mortalities were reported due to pneumonia in four neonatal camels (5 to 10 days old) of an organized dromedary camel farm. The clinical manifestations in affected camels were weakness, mild to high fever, not suckling, respiratory distress, and sudden death. On the basis of gross and histopathological lesions, the pneumonia was classified into bronchopneumonia (n = 2), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (n = 1), and interstitial pneumonia (n = 1). In bacterial culture, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from lung of all the four cases. These bacteria were also confirmed by PCR from DNA isolated from culture as well as lung tissue. The sequencing of PCR products from four isolates of K. pneumoniae revealed homology with other pathogenic K. pneumoniae isolates from India and other countries. These findings confirmed the role of K. pneumoniae as an important etiological agent for causing pneumonia with sudden mortalities in suckling neonatal dromedary camels.


Subject(s)
Camelus , Klebsiella Infections/veterinary , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Pneumonia/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Humans , India , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/pathology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Pneumonia/microbiology , Pneumonia/pathology
6.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 47(8): 1633-6, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26298084

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the pathological features of tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis and its diagnosis in naturally infected dromedary camels from an organized farm in India. During the period of the 5-year study, a total of 18 (19.56 %) camels out of 92 examined showed gross lesions compatible with TB at post-mortem. The clinical signs and pathological lesions in these camels were studied, and the efficacy of different diagnostic tests was also assessed. On the basis of occurrence and distribution of gross TB lesions, the infected camels revealed two different lesional patterns as pulmonary (n = 15) and disseminated (n = 3) form. The histopathology of affected organs revealed typical granulomatous lesions wherein the giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were occasionally observed in pulmonary form whereas they frequently observed in disseminated form. The single intradermal tuberculin test (SIDT) detected TB in 10 (55.55 %) whereas the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and IS6110 PCR from tissue lesions detected 13 (72.22 %) and 18 (100 %) of the infected camels, respectively. The study suggests that pulmonary form of the TB is more common in camels indicating respiratory route as the major source of exposure in camel herds. Moreover, very low sensitivity of SIDT was observed which highlights the difficulty for confirmation of TB in live camels.


Subject(s)
Camelus/microbiology , Intradermal Tests/veterinary , Mycobacterium bovis/isolation & purification , Tuberculin Test/veterinary , Tuberculosis, Bovine/diagnosis , Animals , Cattle , False Positive Reactions , Female , Granuloma , India , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Risk Factors
7.
Virus Res ; 158(1-2): 277-80, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21501639

ABSTRACT

Topoisomerase gene of pseudocowposvirus from Indian dromedarian camel was amplified by PCR using the primers of PCPV from Finnish reindeer and cloned into pGEM-T for sequence analysis. Analysis of amino acid identity revealed that Indian PCPV of camel shared 95.9-96.8 with PCPV of reindeer, 96.2-96.5 with ORFV and 87.5 with BPSV.


Subject(s)
Camelus/virology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics , Poxviridae Infections/virology , Pseudocowpox Virus/genetics , Pseudocowpox Virus/isolation & purification , Viral Proteins/genetics , Animals , Cluster Analysis , DNA Primers/genetics , DNA, Viral/chemistry , DNA, Viral/genetics , Female , India , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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