Breast Filariasis Diagnosed by Real Time Sonographic Imaging: A Case Report.

A 30-year-old woman presented with a palpable subcutaneous nodule in the areolar region of the left breast. Sonomammographic examination revealed 2 cystic lesions showing typical "filarial dance" as vigorous twirling movement of multiple curvilinear echoes with mixed red blue color Doppler signals that was non-rhythmic, nonpulsatile, and the characteristic pulse Doppler trace due to irregular worm movement. Real time sonographic demonstration of these typical features is pathognomonic for filariasis, especially in endemic areas and treatment should be initiated without delay on the basis of ultrasound.

Concurrent nonfunctional paraganglioma of the retroperitoneum and urinary bladder: A case report with literature review.

Paragangliomas are the neuroendocrine tumors which arise from the chromaffin cell. Tumors arising from the adrenal medulla are known as pheochromocytomas, while others originating from the extra-adrenal site are known as extra-adrenal paragangliomas. Paraganglioma can be multifocal which can arise synchronously or metachronously. Paragangliomas are less functionally active than the pheochromocytomas; they secrete noradrenaline and rarely dopamine, while adrenal pheochromocytomas secrete adrenaline or nor-adrenaline. Nonfunctional multifocal paragangliomas are very rare. We report a case of a 45-year-old female with multifocal nonfunctional paragangliomas of the retroperitoneum and urinarybladder which were surgically removed, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology.

Recurrent sigmoid volvulus associated with eventration of diaphragm in a twenty-six-year-old man.

Recurrent sigmoid volvulus is a clinical entity characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete sigmoid volvulus. Although it is commonly seen in the elderly, it can be occasionally seen in younger patients. Patients with recurrent partial sigmoid volvulus are relatively asymptomatic or present with mild abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent conversion to acute gangrenous volvulus. We present a case of recurrent partial sigmoid volvulus in association with eventration of diaphragm in a 26-year-old man.

Hepatic cysticercosis: a rare entity.

Hepatic cysticercosis is a very rare entity; only four cases have been reported to date. High-resolution ultrasonography of the abdomen is the initial and most reliable modality for evaluation of hepatic cysticercosis. Medical therapy is the mainstay of treatment. We report a case of hepatic cysticercosis in a 28-year-old male who presented with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice. The article also describes the imaging patterns of hepatic cysticercosis based on different stages of evolution.

Giant thymolipoma in an infant.

Thymolipomas are benign neoplasms that usually occur in adults and are rarely described in children. They are usually detected incidentally but can be of massive size and lead to respiratory compromise. A 6-month-old boy presented with respiratory distress and an anterior mediastinal mass which proved to be a thymolipoma. He underwent surgical resection and remains well on follow-up. Although rare, thymolipomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis even in infants presenting with an anterior mediastinum mass.

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: a spectrum of radiologic findings.

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a well known entity in adults but is exceedingly rare in children. It is better described in adults than in children. We describe the current understanding of PLCH in children and a spectrum of radiological findings of PLCH in the paediatric population. On high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), PLCH may have variable appearance depending on the stage of disease, ranging from small interstitial nodular opacities to multiple thin/thick walled cysts (often bizarre in shape), eventually leading to marked parenchymal fibrosis and honeycomb pattern. CT finding of PLCH is similar in adult and paediatric populations with the exception that lung base near the costophrenic angle is spared in adults but almost always involved in children.

Neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a radiological review.

The neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), in most of the cases, is nonspecific and can vary depending on the location, especially as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the absence of a clinical history of LCH, isolated central nervous system (CNS) lesion presents a diagnostic challenge. LCH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of craniofacial tumors and neurodegenerative (ND) lesions of the brain. MRI is the modality of choice for investigating the CNS-LCH. Long-term follow-up with MRI is indicated in patients with ND-LCH. This retrospective study provides a comprehensive description of the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in patients with LCH, the underlying neuropathology, and follow-up study of the disease.

Giant omental lipoma in a child.

Omental lipomas are extremely rare tumors of childhood. We report a case of solitary giant lipoma of the omentum in a child, successfully managed by complete excision, without any recurrence on follow-up study.