ABSTRACT
Direct fed microbial supplementation with lactic acid utilising bacteria (i.e. Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169) has been shown to alleviate the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in high-grain fed beef cattle. This study was carried out to explore the impact of P169 supplementation on modulating rumen and hindgut microbiota of high-grain fed steers. Seven ruminally-canulated high-grain fed steers were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: control diet (n=3) and the same diet supplemented with P169 added at a rate of 1×1011 cfu/head/d (n=4). Samples were collected every 28 days for a 101 d period (5 time points) and subjected to qPCR quantification of P169 and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial V4 16S rRNA genes. Ruminal abundance of P169 was maintained at elevated levels (P=0.03) both in liquid and solid fractions post supplementation. Concomitant with decreased proportion of amylolytic (such as Prevotella) and key lactate-utilisers (such as Veillonellaceae and Megasphaera), the proportions of cellulolytic bacterial lineages (such as Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiaceae, and Christensenellaceae) were enriched in the rumen microbiota of P169-supplemented steers. These, coupled with elevated molar proportions of branched-chain fatty acids and increased concentration of ammonia in the rumen content of P169-supplemented steers, indicated an improved state of fibrolytic and proteolytic activity in response to P169 supplementation. Further, exploring the hindgut microbiota of P169-supplemented steers revealed enrichment of major amylolytic bacterial lineages, such as Prevotella, Blautia, and Succinivibrionaceae, which might be indicative of an increased availability of carbohydrates in the hindgut ecosystem following P169 supplementation. Collectively, the present study provides insights into the microbiota dynamics that underlie the P169-associated shifts in the rumen fermentation profile of high-grain fed steers.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/classification , Diet/methods , Feces/microbiology , Microbiota , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Propionibacterium/growth & development , Rumen/microbiology , Animals , Bacteria/genetics , Cattle , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Se evaluó la abundancia de juveniles de Pinna carnea, el crecimiento y su relación con factores ambientales en cultivo suspendido en Turpialito, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. La abundancia se determinó usando colectores suspendidos a 8 m de profundidad en "long line" durante 16 meses. El crecimiento se determinó en cestas de cultivo en un "long line" a 8 m de profundidad y la temperatura y disponibilidad de alimento fueron registrados durante 15 meses. Todos los componentes del cuerpo se incrementaron rápidamente durante los primeros cuatro-cinco meses, posteriormente la masa de todos los tejidos somáticos muestran disminución y gran variabilidad en el crecimiento, coincidiendo con el primer período de desove, lo cual sugiere una influencia negativa de la gametogénesis en el crecimiento somático. Un análisis de regresión múltiple indicó una alta relación del crecimiento y la disponibilidad de alimento. Aunque se determinó una adecuada abundancia de juveniles (máximo 80 por colector-30x60 cm), la recolecta no fue continua. Esta característica, junto con la alta variabilidad del crecimiento y la influencia negativa de los factores ambientales en períodos desfavorables, además de la obtención de músculos de talla comercial en 14 meses, sugieren que la especie no es apropiada para la producción de músculos. Sin embargo, la elevada masa total de sus tejidos comestibles (21 g) y la alta sobrevivencia (96%), sugieren a P. carnea para ser cultivada.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bivalvia , Fisheries , Seawater , Atlantic Ocean , Food , Population Density , Regression Analysis , Seasons , VenezuelaABSTRACT
We quantified the abundance of juvenile Pinna carnea at Turpialito, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela, using collectors suspended at 8 m depth for 16 months and then evaluated their subsequent growth in suspended enclosures over 14 months in relation to concurrent measures of temperature and planktontonic food availability. All body components showed a rapid increase during the first four-five months. There was a decrease in somatic tissue mass and great variability in growth coincident at first spawning, suggesting a negative effect of gonadal production on somatic growth. A multiple regression analysis indicated a strong relationship between tissue growth and food availability as measured by organic sestonic matter. Although we determinated an adequated spat abundance for culture activities (80 spat per collector-30 x 60 cm), spat collection was limited, mainly from February through April. In addition to high variability in growth and negative influence of environmental factors during unfavorable periods, the muscles production required in 14 months, suggesting that P. carnea is not appropriate for commercial production of muscle. However, the high weight of all edible tissues mass attained (21 g) and the high survival rate in all experimentation (> 96%) suggests that P. carnea is fit for aquaculture.
Subject(s)
Bivalvia/growth & development , Fisheries , Seawater , Animals , Atlantic Ocean , Food , Population Density , Regression Analysis , Seasons , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Se presenta cuatro casos de intoxicación aguda de contacto de amplia utilización en el agro ecuatoriano. Tres corresponden al sexo masculino y uno al femenino; la paciente estuvo embarazada. La intoxicación fue accidental en tres casos y voluntaria, intento de suicidio, en un caso. Hubo dos muertos. Se analiza la sintomatología y los procesos diagnósticos y terapéuticos empleados. Una revisión de la literatura a la que se tiene acceso nos da a conocerlos conceptos prevalentes sobre el mecanismo de acción dl tóxico y sus repercusiones locales y sistémicas, así como los fundamentos diagnósticos y terapéuticos aceptados y aplicables, poniéndose de manifesto la dificultad de utilizarlos en muestros medio. Se alerta sobre la necesidad de tomar medidas profilácticas y aquellas que permitan identificar al tóxico para evitar accidentes indeseables
