Physicochemical characteristics of smoked cooked linguiças made with ostrich meat trimmings / Características físico-químicas de linguiças cozidas defumadas elaboradas com aparas de carne de avestruz

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of three formulations of smoked cooked linguiças, only differing in the lean meat used: (Formula 1 ­ 100% ostrich meat; Formula 2 ­ 50% ostrich meat + 50% pork; and Formula 3 ­ 50% ostrich meat + 50% chicken), elaborated with ostrich meat trimmings. The formulas showed slightly higher moisture content (62.00-64.41%) than the maximum allowed in the legislation for cooked linguiças (60%) (Brasil, 2000). However, their protein content (19.99-22.14%) was at least 42% higher than the minimum required level (14%); the fat content (11.82-14.25%) was less than half the maximum permitted level (35%) in the same legislation, and at least 45% less than three well-known smoked cooked linguiça brands commercialized in Brazil; and the energy value (194.89-208.19 Kcal%) was at least 31% less than the same smoked linguiça brands; thus the three ostrich smoked linguiça formulas elaborated could be claimed "light" in fat content and energy value (European Union, 2006; Brasil, 2012). The present study showed that ostrich meat trimmings can be successfully used to elaborate healthy, "light", smoked cooked linguiças, competing in the market with traditional smoked cooked linguiças, and adding value in the ostrich meat chain.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas de três formulações de linguiças cozidas defumadas, que somente diferiram em relação à carne magra utilizada: (Fórmula 1 ­ 100% carne de avestruz; Fórmula 2 ­ 50% carne de avestruz + 50% carne suína; e Fórmula 3 ­ 50% carne de avestruz + 50% carne de frango), elaboradas com aparas de carne de avestruz. As fórmulas apresentaram teor de umidade levemente superior (62,00-64,41%) ao máximo permitido na legislação para linguiças cozidas (60%) (Brasil, 2000). No entanto, seu teor de proteína (19,99-22,14%) foi no mínimo 42% maior que o nível mínimo exigido (14%); o teor de gordura (11,82-14,25%) foi menos da metade do conteúdo máximo permitido (35%) na mesma legislação e pelo menos 45% inferior ao teor de gordura de três marcas bem conhecidas de linguiças cozidas defumadas comercializadas no Brasil; e o valor energético (194,89-208,19kcal%) foi no mínimo 31% menor que as mesmas marcas de linguiças defumadas; com isso, as três fórmulas de linguiças cozidas defumadas de carne de avestruz poderiam ser rotuladas como "light" em relação ao teor de gordura e valor energético (European Union, 2006; Brasil, 2012). O presente estudo mostrou que as aparas de carne de avestruz podem ser utilizadas com sucesso na elaboração de linguiças cozidas defumadas "light", saudáveis, competindo no mercado com linguiças defumadas tradicionais, e adicionando valor à cadeia de carne de avestruz.(AU)

Diversity among satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia of the rat.

Peripheral glial cells consist of satellite, enteric glial, and Schwann cells. In dorsal root ganglia, besides pseudo-unipolar neurons, myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers, macrophages, and fibroblasts, satellite cells also constitute the resident components. Information on satellite cells is not abundant; however, they appear to provide mechanical and metabolic support for neurons by forming an envelope surrounding their cell bodies. Although there is a heterogeneous population of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, satellite cells have been described to be a homogeneous group of perineuronal cells. Our objective was to characterize the ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry of the satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia of 17 adult 3-4-month-old Wistar rats of both genders. Ultrastructurally, the nuclei of some satellite cells are heterochromatic, whereas others are euchromatic, which may result from different amounts of nuclear activity. We observed positive immunoreactivity for S-100 and vimentin in the cytoplasm of satellite cells. The intensity of S-100 protein varied according to the size of the enveloped neuron. We also noted that vimentin expression assumed a ring-like pattern and was preferentially located in the cytoplasm around the areas stained for S-100. In addition, we observed nitric oxide synthase-positive small-sized neurons and negative large-sized neurons equal to that described in the literature. Satellite cells were also positive for NADPH-diaphorase, particularly those associated with small-sized neurons. We conclude that all satellite cells are not identical as previously thought because they have different patterns of glial marker expression and these differences may be correlated with the size and function of the neuron they envelope.

Diversity among satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia of the rat

Peripheral glial cells consist of satellite, enteric glial, and Schwann cells. In dorsal root ganglia, besides pseudo-unipolar neurons, myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers, macrophages, and fibroblasts, satellite cells also constitute the resident components. Information on satellite cells is not abundant; however, they appear to provide mechanical and metabolic support for neurons by forming an envelope surrounding their cell bodies. Although there is a heterogeneous population of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, satellite cells have been described to be a homogeneous group of perineuronal cells. Our objective was to characterize the ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry of the satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia of 17 adult 3-4-month-old Wistar rats of both genders. Ultrastructurally, the nuclei of some satellite cells are heterochromatic, whereas others are euchromatic, which may result from different amounts of nuclear activity. We observed positive immunoreactivity for S-100 and vimentin in the cytoplasm of satellite cells. The intensity of S-100 protein varied according to the size of the enveloped neuron. We also noted that vimentin expression assumed a ring-like pattern and was preferentially located in the cytoplasm around the areas stained for S-100. In addition, we observed nitric oxide synthase-positive small-sized neurons and negative large-sized neurons equal to that described in the literature. Satellite cells were also positive for NADPH-diaphorase, particularly those associated with small-sized neurons. We conclude that all satellite cells are not identical as previously thought because they have different patterns of glial marker expression and these differences may be correlated with the size and function of the neuron they envelope.

[Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. Case reports in patients from the Federal District]. / Meningite por Listeria monocytogenes. Relato de casos em pacientes do Distrito Federal.

It has been shown the role of Listeria monocytogenes as a etiological agent identified by bacteriological analysis among cases of human meningitis in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Laboratorial characteristics and some clinical and epidemiological aspects are reported.

Meningite por Listeria monocytogenes. Relato de casos em pacientes do Distrito Federal / Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. Case reports in patients from the Federal District

São descritos os primeiros casos de meningite por Listeria monocytogenes comprovados bacteriologicamente, em pacientes do Distrito Federal. Alguns comentários foram realizados com base nos achados laboratoriais, assim como, sobre certas peculiaridades clínico-epidemiológicas da listeriose humana.

It has been shown the role of Listeria monocytogenes as a etiological agent identified by bacteriological analysis among cases of human meningitis in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Laboratorial characteristics and some clinical and epidemiological aspects are reported.

[Cholelithiasis in chronic Chageas' disease patients]. / Colelitíase em chagásicos crônicos.

The studies on the occurrence of biliary lithiasis in patients with chronic Chagas' disease have shown conflicting results. Aiming at contributing to a better understanding of the topic was assessed, by ultrasonographic scan, the frequency of Colelithiasis in chagasic patients with different anatomo-clinical forms of the disease. A total of 128 patients were studied, 85 males (mean age: 53 +/- 13 years) and 43 females (mean age: 53 +/_ 10 years) nineteen males and 18 females had the cardiac form ; 32 males and 19 females the digestive form; 20 males and 3 females the cardiac and digestive forms simultaneously; and 14 males and 3 females the indeterminate form. Controls were a series of 1139 individuals without Chagas' disease, 716 males and 423 females (mean age 46 +/_ 14 years for both sexes), who were submitted to postmortem examination. The frequency of cholelithiasis in chagasic males (14.1%) was significantly higher than in the controls (6%); by subgroup, it was significantly higher in the individuals with the cardiac and cardiac-digestive form (26.3% and 20% respectively), but not in those with the digestive form (9.4%). The frequency of colelithiasis was also significantly higher in chagasic females in the total (42%) and in the cardiac (50%) and digestive (31.6%) forms, when compared to the control group (14%). Male and female chronic chagasic patients have an increased frequency of colelithiasis, and therefore the preoccupation about this finding should not be restricted to the digestive form of the disease, as previous studies on this subject have suggested.

The neurons of the retinal ganglion cell layer of the guinea pig: quantitative analysis of their distribution and size.

1. The topographical distribution of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in the guinea pig retina is described. 2. Neurons were counted in the ganglion cell layer of retinal whole mounts stained by the method of Nissl or retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal soma size was estimated from samples taken from different retinal regions. 3. We estimate that a total of 295,000 neurons comprise the guinea pig ganglion cell layer and they consist of 159,000 ganglion cells and 136,000 displaced amacrine cells. 4. The visual streak is poorly differentiated. Ganglion cell density reaches a peak of 2,272 cells/mm2 in a temporal expansion of the visual streak, 4-5 mm toward the optic disk. The visual streak temporal expansion may represent the analogue of the area centralis for this species. The ventral hemi-retina has a higher ganglion cell density than the dorsal hemi-retina. The displaced amacrine cells are more uniformly distributed than the ganglion cells. 5. The present paper provides relevant data concerning the number and distribution of the neurons of the retinal ganglion cell which were not available or were very contradictory in the literature.

The neurons of the retinal ganglion cell layer of the Guinea pig: quantitative analysis of their distribution and size

The topographical distribution of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in the guinea pig retina is described. Neurons were counted in the ganglion cell layer of retinal whole mounts stained by the method of Nissl or retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal soma size was estimated from samples taken from different retinal regions. We estimated that a total of 295,000 neurons comprise the guinea pig ganglion cell layer and they consist of 159,000 ganglion cells and 136,000 displaced amacrine cells. The visual streak is poorly differentiated. Ganglion cell density reaches a peak of 2,272 cells/mm* in a temporal expansion of the visual streak, 4-5 mm toward the optic disk. The visual streak temporal expansion may represent the analogue of the area centralis for this species. The ventral hemi-retina has a higher ganglion cell density than the dorsal hemi-retina. The displaced amacrine cells are more uniformly distributed than the ganglion cells. The present paper provides relevant data concerning the number and distribution of the neurons of the retinal ganglion cell which were not available or were very contradictory in the literature

Tratamento cirurgico de megaesofago pela cardiectomia com interposicao de alca jejunal exclusa. Avaliacao clinica dos resultados. / The surgical treatment of megaesophagus by cardiectomy with interposition of excluded jejunal loop. Clinical evaluation of the results

Tratamento cirurgico de megaesofago pela cardiectomia com interposicao de alca jejunal exclusa. Avaliacao clinica dos resultados. Os autores analisam os resultados obtidos com o emprego da operacao de Merendino no tratamento cirurgico do megaesofago em 36 doentes. A motalidade pos-operatoria foi de 8,33%. Foram seguidos no pos-operatorio 28 doentes (84,85%).Houve alivio da disfagia em 96,43%.Apesar dos resultados, os autores concluem que a operacao de Merendino deva ser reservada a casos nos quais formas mais simples de tratamento tenham sido previamente tentadas

Tratamento das hernias incisionais volumosas pela tecnica de Lazaro de Silva. / Therapy of large incisional hernias by the technic of Lazaro da Silva

Os autores analisam 20 casos de hernia incisional abdominal, tratados pela tecnica de superposicao peritonioaponeurotica proposta por Lazaro da Silva. Descrevem a tecnica e comentam seus resultados imediatos