Adsorptive removal of apramycin antibiotic from aqueous solutions using Tween 80-and Triton X-100 modified clinoptilolite: experimental and fixed-bed modeling investigations.

This study examined the performance of natural clinoptilolite (NC) modified with two surfactants of Triton X-100 (NC-Triton) and Tween 80 (NC-Tween) on apramycin (APR) adsorption from wastewater in batch and continues systems. The optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were achieved. The findings revealed that the sorption was best described using the Langmuir isotherm compared to other isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of NC-Triton was greater than NC and NC-Tween. The lumped method was applied to solve the fixed-bed equations; predict breakthrough curve; determine axial dispersion coefficient and overall mass transfer coefficient parameters; and compare theoretical results with experimental results. Good fitness of experimental data with kinetic models of intra-particle diffusion, pseudo-first-order/liquid film diffusion and pseudo-second-order for NC, NC-Tween and NC-Triton, respectively, indicated that they were more suitable than the other models. Endothermic and spontaneous processes were resulted from positive enthalpy and negative Gibbs free energy changes, respectively.