ABSTRACT
Mycobacteria are subdivided into three groups: the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the non-tuberculous mycobacteria called NTM or MOTT (Mycobacteria Other Than Tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae. Over the past few decades, the incidence of infections caused by NTM has increased world wide. The differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from NTM is of primary importance for infection control and choice of antimicrobial therapy. However, there is so far no report in Bangladesh about the detection of NTM and hence differentiation of MTB and NTM. Neither acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining nor histopathology can discriminate MTB and NTM. In order to detect and differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and NTM we used commercially available LyteStar TB/NTM Real Time PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) and analyzed 782 clinical specimens from tuberculosis suspected patients. We have found 49 MTB and 74 NTM positive samples from variety of clinical specimens such as sputum, bronchial lavages, body fluids, tissues, needle aspirates and swabs. Many of the PCR positive specimens were AFB negative on direct microscopic examination thus, indicating strong sensitivity of PCR than AFB staining. This is the first report in the country about detection of NTM and it warrants further elaborate investigation. Moreover, our results showed that multiplex real-time PCR assay is an effective sensitive tool for the rapid identification and differentiation of MTB and NTM directly from clinical specimens.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Bangladesh , Humans , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
It is common practice in therapeutic trials in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) to treat chemotherapy induced toxicities. In this study, 50 newly diagnosed ALL patients were enrolled and the median age was 14.5 years. 32 patients were male and 18 female. Prognostic factors were analysed. Remission induction, consolidation and maintenance therapy with conventional combination chemotherapy and CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate and radiotherapy were instituted to all patients for long term event free survival. Results of induction therapy and overall outcomes of treatment were observed. Chemotherapy induced toxicities were also detected and treated accordingly. These toxicities were described in 4 groups depending on the frequency of their development in chemotherapy received patients. Haematological and gastrointestinal side effects and alopecia were expected i.e., developed in >75% of patients. Prednisolone and vincristine induced toxicities were common i.e., observed in >25% of patients. Hepatic complications and anthracycline induced tachycardia were occasional i.e., occurred in <25% and localized phlebitis and/ or soft tissue necrosis were rare and accidental i.e., developed in 5% of patients.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , PrognosisABSTRACT
Ultrasonographic findings of liver were correlated with cytological findings in a series of 50 patients. Multiple lesions described by ultrasonography and suggested as HCC/TB were proved to be metastatic in 60% cases and hepatocellular carcinoma in 40% cases by cytological examination. Multiple lesions suggested as metastatic lesions in ultrasonography was proved as such by cytology in 83% cases. Solitary lesion suggested as neoplastic in ultrasonography was proved as such in cytology in 90% cases. Of the 2 patients suggested as diffuse parenchymal lesion revealed cytological findings of cirrhosis in one case and that of TB in other. Serum alpha-feto protein and Carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) was done in all the cases. Serum alpha-feto protein was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma and CEA was higher in metastatic lesions. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of liver can play more role in diagnosis and classification of liver disease than ultrasonographic comment alone, as it requires greater degree of precision to reach diagnostic accuracy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Hemangioma , Liver Neoplasms , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biopsy, Needle , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Hemangioma/blood , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma/pathology , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/blood , Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Tuberculosis, Hepatic/blood , Tuberculosis, Hepatic/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis, Hepatic/pathology , Ultrasonography, InterventionalABSTRACT
Diabetes was induced in seventy seven Long Evans rats of both sexes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). Some of these diabetic rats were provided with a high protein-carbohydrate (HP-CHO) free diet. The diabetic state of the rats on HP-CHO free diet was compared with that of the diabetic rats on normal diet and the control rats on normal diet. Diabetic state was assessed through the diet consumption, body weight changes, urinary glucose loss and blood glucose estimation. From the fifth day the rats on HP-CHO free diet showed significant reduction of blood glucose level and urinary glucose loss.
