The effect of nutritional education program on micronutrient intake in children with chronic liver disease: A clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world that threatens the health of children due to its many complications such as malnutrition and problems related to growth and development. Paying attention to nutrition and lifestyle modification in these children is of special importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional education program on micronutrient intake in children with CLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a two-group randomized clinical trial that was performed by available sampling and referred to Ghaem Children's Hospital in Mashhad in 2016. In this study, 77 children with CLD who met the inclusion criteria (45 children in the intervention group and 32 children in the control group) were studied. The intervention included six workshops and training on proper diet, post-workshop phone calls, and regular face-to-face counseling sessions (first 4 weeks once a week and second 4 weeks once every 2 weeks) on adherence to the above diet. Patients in the control group received routine care. The collection tools in the study included demographic information questionnaires, body composition device, and diet plan form in the form of 24-h recall forms. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical tests and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: Based on the results of the study, the mean age of the research units was 7.8 ± 3.6 years. The mean duration of CLD was 4.6 ± 1.8 years in the intervention group and 5.1 ± 1.9 years in the control group. The mean crude intake of most minerals after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention, except for the crude intake of retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, folate, Vitamin C, iodine, and Vitamin B12. Furthermore, in relation to the modified intake of micronutrients, the mean modified intake of most micronutrients after the intervention showed a significant increase compared to before, except for retinol, Vitamin D, niacin, B12, and iodine. CONCLUSION: Considering the effect of providing a nutritional education program to improve micronutrient intake in children with CLD and emphasizing the importance of adequate micronutrient intake in improving the health of children, special nutrition programs should be provided to these children with special attention. In this regard, nurses can play an important role in improving the quality of nutrition of children by providing nutrition programs with appropriate follow-up.

Leptin level decreases after treatment with the combination of Radiofrequency and Ultrasound cavitation in response to the reduction in adiposity.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight are major public health problem. Different-strategies have been developed for body contouring including Radiofrequency(RF) and Ultrasound(US). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in serum-leptin as a potential-modulator of food/energy intake, in overweight-women receiving RF/US and diet-therapy as well as the effect of therapy on modulation of lipid-profile and body-fat-mass. METHODS: Fifty overweight-females were enrolled in current randomized-clinical-trial and randomly divided into two groups. The case group received RF/US twice a week for 5 weeks with a low calorie diet whilst the control-group received just a low calorie diet. Demographic, biochemical markers as well as serum-leptin were determined. RESULTS: The level of leptin was reduced from 1.29 ±â€¯0.32 ng/ml to 1.14 ±â€¯0.34 ng/ml in case group, before and after therapy, respectively, whilst no significant differences were observed in the serum leptin levels of subjects in the control group. The combination of RF and US decreased the leptin-level. In particular, the mean reduction of abdominal-circumference and waist-circumference was significant (P < 0.05) after therapy. This reduction was inversely correlated with LDL levels. Weight was reduced in case and control groups and in both was significant, but no statistically significant differences were detected for weight between the groups(P < 0.93). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated the reduction of the leptin after treatment with the combination of Radiofrequency/Ultrasound cavitation, which was associated with reduced body-fat-mass.

Effects of Radio Frequency and Ultrasound Cavitation Therapy on Serum C-reactive Protein and Pro-oxidant-Antioxidant Levels.

BACKGROUND: A combination of radio-frequency (RF) and ultrasound cavitation (UC) has been reported to reduce indices of obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of these techniques on anthropometric indices, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 healthy women between January 2014 and June 2014 in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Participants were randomized to one of two groups, both of which received a low-calorie diet containing 500-kcal energy deficit per day. The trial group included twenty-five subjects who were assigned to the combined treatment of RF and ultrasound cavitation program of abdomen and flank areas. There were twenty-five control subjects who received the low calorie diet alone. Biochemical markers, including serum hs-CRP and PAB values, and anthropometric indices were measured in the intervention group and healthy controls. RESULTS: For both the intervention and control groups, waist circumference was reduced significantly by 3.76 ± 1.69 and 2.40 ± 1.04, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, abdominal circumference was reduced by 9.5 ± 2.66 and 3.12 ± 1.88, in these groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Decrement of PAB level in the intervention group, and its increment in the control group, were not significant (P > 0.05). In addition, reductions of hs-CRP and PAB between the two studied groups during five weeks of study were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although there were significant reductions in anthropometric indices following treatment with RF and UC, the effects on serum PAB or hs-CRP were no significantly different, compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect for the use of these techniques.