ABSTRACT
Cryptosporidiosis is an important major cause of enteric parasitic infection among infants and children in developing countries with morbidity and mortality especially among immune- deficient individuals. Poor performance of traditional diagnostic procedures in many laboratories can resulted in misdiagnosis and mistreatment, thereby probably promotes drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of enteric Cryptosporidiosis in children attending primary health centers in Egbedore local government area of Osun State, Nigeria between July-December 2014. Informed consent questionnaires were administered to collect demographic data and a total of 180 stool samples were collected to detect Cryptosporidium oocyst and antigen using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. Prevalence of 38.3% (72/188) and 46.8% (88/188) was obtained by MZN and ELISA, respectively. The prevalence was higher in children between 1-2.5 years and lower in children above 2.5 years. There was significant association between diarrhea and prevalence rate (P = 0.006; P < 0.05) for ELISA and ZN, respectively. The present results show that cryptosporidiosis poses a public health challenge in children found in Egbedore. This study also warrants intensified effort towards awareness of the disease and proper diagnosis is needed most especially among immunocompromised individuals.
Subject(s)
Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology , Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification , Child, Preschool , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/parasitology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The most common cause of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) as a result of recurrent laryngeal nerve compression is malignant tumors. A benign and inflammatory causes of VCP is rarely reported in the literature, and in almost all reported cases it was a unilateral paralysis. We report a rare case of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy causing bilateral VCP in a young female patient.
ABSTRACT
Bronchial foreign body aspiration (BFBA) is not a rare incident in children. It can be managed successfully with flexible bronchoscopy in most of the cases, except for some cases, which require rigid bronchoscopy or even surgical intervention such as thoracotomy. Here, we report an unusual case of BFBA of metallic dental bur in a healthy 24-year-old dental nurse assistant, who was herself undergoing a dental procedure to remove dental caries, and suddenly the foreign body which was "diamond metallic dental bur" has slipped into her mouth and was aspirated to the bronchial tree. It was successfully removed 5 days after the incident using rigid and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with full recovery.
ABSTRACT
Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris are still not clear. We aimed to determine the significance of detecting expression of some antigens that might be pivotal to the process, namely CD44 and CD117, in patients with active pemphigus vulgaris. Seventeen patients with active pemphigus vulgaris and 19 normal healthy controls were included in the study. The immunohistochemical results showed prominent expression of CD44 in 13 of the patients and CD117 in 9 of the patients with new blister formation. CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. In addition, there was a significant increase in a soluble form of c-kit in sera of patients with active pemphigus vulgaris compared to controls.
Subject(s)
Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology , Mast Cells/immunology , Pemphigus , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Biopsy , Case-Control Studies , Egypt , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Flow Cytometry , Gene Expression/immunology , Hospitals, University , Humans , Hyaluronan Receptors/blood , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Immunohistochemistry , Keratinocytes/immunology , Keratinocytes/ultrastructure , Lymphocyte Count , Mast Cells/ultrastructure , Melanocytes/immunology , Melanocytes/ultrastructure , Pemphigus/blood , Pemphigus/immunology , Pemphigus/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/blood , T-Lymphocytes/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris are still not clear. We aimed to determine the significance of detecting expression of some antigens that might be pivotal to the process, namely CD44 and CD117, in patients with active pemphigus vulgaris. Seventeen patients with active pemphigus vulgaris and 19 normal healthy controls were included in the study. The immunohistochemical results showed prominent expression of CD44 in 13 of the patients and CD117 in 9 of the patients with new blister formation. CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. In addition, there was a significant increase in a soluble form of c-kit in sera of patients with active pemphigus vulgaris compared to controls
