Histomorphometry and macroscopic intestinal lesions in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina.

This study aimed at measuring intestinal villi and assessing the intestinal absorptive area in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina under different treatments to control coccidiosis. The experiment was divided into two stages, carried out in successive housings, raised in the same environment (or aviary). In the first stage, on 25 May 2008, fifty 12-day-old birds were orally inoculated with 3 x 10(3) oocysts of E. acervulina. In the second stage, on July 2008, other 50 birds were allocated on litter contaminated by the feces of birds on the first housing (natural infection by oocysts present in the reused litter). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design with five treatments and three replicates of 10 chicks per treatment. Broiler chicks were housed at 1 day of age and autopsies were performed at 21 days of age. Three 2-cm-long segments of the duodenum were excised from each bird and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. A total of 30 slides were prepared for each treatment, totaling 150 evaluated histological sections using H&E staining. Villus morphology was carried out by the HL Image 97 software. The intestinal absorptive area was calculated and macroscopic lesions were classified according to standard lesion scores. Results showed that intestinal villus measurements and absorptive area are directly affected by E. acervulina and that there is direct and positive correlation between the macro and microscopic findings observed in intestinal coccidiosis. E. acervulina causes shortening of villi and reduction in the intestinal absorptive area, affecting broiler growth. The prevention method of litter fermentation during the interval between housings and oral administration of Diclazuril can reduce the severity of intestinal lesions by E. acervulina in broilers impairing oocyst virulence or viability.

A clinical study comparing the performance of three IUCDs (Multiload Copper 250, Copper T 200, and Lippes Loop C).

300 Women at Cairo's Al-Zahraa Hospital, using 1 of 3 different IUds (CuT 200, multiload Cu250, and Lippes loop size C) to compare the rate of complications encountered among the 3 groups. Failed insertion was highest among the Cu T200 group with a rate of 3.24/HWY, hundred woman years. Accidental pregnancy was highest among that group as well. With a rate 2.16/HWY compared with 1.10/HWY among the ML Cu250 group and none among the Lippes Loop group. The spontaneous expulsion rate was the same for the Cu T200 and Lippes Loop, i.e., the rate was 4.32/HWY and 4.44/HWY for the 2 groups, respectively, compared with 1.10.HWY for the ML Cu250. The highest removal rate because of pain or bleeding was encountered among the ML Cu250 users, i.e., the rate was 4.41.HWY compared with 3.33/HWY among the Lippes Loop group and 1.08/HWY for the Cu T200 group. The overall failure rate was 8.82/HWY for ML Cu250, 11.89/HWY for Cu T200, and 11.10/HWY for the Lippes Loop group.