ABSTRACT
SETTING: National Referral Centre for Tuberculosis (TB), Tehran, Iran. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of chronic renal failure (CRF) on TB treatment outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted among adult TB patients with CRF and age- and sex-matched TB controls without CRF treated at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease from 2004 to 2011. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of CRF on drug-induced hepatitis (DIH), treatment failure and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 55 TB cases with CRF and 165 TB cases without CRF were included in the study. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar, except that TB cases with CRF were more likely to be of Iranian nationality (94.5% vs. 83%, P = 0.04). During anti-tuberculosis treatment, 40 (18.2%) patients developed DIH, none failed treatment and 15 (6.8%) died. Patients with CRF were more likely to develop DIH (27.3% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.04) and to die during treatment (16.4% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.001). CRF remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 4.87, 95%CI 1.73-13.65) in multivariate analysis, whereas the relationship with DIH was not. CONCLUSION: TB patients with CRF are at increased risk of death. More intensive monitoring of patients with CRF should be considered by the National TB Programme.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Aged , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Iran , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Proportional Hazards Models , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis/complications , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/mortalityABSTRACT
Renal transplantation is the best treatment modality for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In Iran, a living unrelated donor (LURD) transplant program was started in 1988, because of the shortage of living related and cadaver donors. In this study, we evaluated the socioeconomic status of LURD in Iran. We enrolled 478 LURDs from 30 transplant centers between October 2005 and March 2006. The demographic data, education, employment, motivation, and satisfaction status were asked. Economic status was assessed using criteria of the statistics center of Iran. Ninety-six percent of donors were referred from the Kidney Foundation of Iran (KFI). The mean age of the donors was 27 +/- 4.8 years and 85% were men (n=408). Fifty-one percent were smokers, 82% married, and 79% the breadwinner; 29% were unemployed; 2.7%, 90.8%, and 6.5% were illiterate, school graduates, and university graduates, respectively. Coercion was documented for only one donor. Financial issues were the most frequent motive. Among them, 91% were satisfied with the donation. Finally, 53% suggested kidney donation to others. Of donors, 62% were living below the poverty line. In the Iran model, the KFI is a bridge that connects recipients and donors. As a result, there is no middle man or broker introducing donors to recipients. The transplantation team knows nothing about money transactions between recipient and donor. Most donors were satisfied with the donation. However, establishment of a government-regulated program for social support of donors, such as lifelong health insurance may be a compensation for donors.
