ABSTRACT
Background: Leukocytosis is a rise in white blood cell (WBC) count and clinical outcomes of moderate to severe leukocytosis in trauma patients have not been described. We hypothesized that trauma patients with severe leukocytosis (SL; ≥40.0 × 109 leukocytes/L) have higher rates of in-hospital complications and mortality than those with moderate leukocytosis (ML; 25.0-39 × 109 leukocytes/L). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis (2010-2017) on trauma patients developing ML or SL at a single Level-I trauma center. A multivariable logistic regression analysis for risk factors were performed. Results: From 15,807 trauma admissions, 332 (2.1%) had ML or SL. Of these, 308 (92.8%) were ML and 24 (7.2%) were SL. Patients with ML and SL reached their peak WBC count in 1 and 10 days after admission respectively (p < 0.001). SL patients suffered higher rates of in-hospital complications (p < 0.05) and mortality compared to those without ML or SL (14.5% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001). Between ML and SL, mortality rates rose with leukocytosis severity (13.3% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.03). Among all patients with ML or SL, vasopressor use was the strongest independent risk factor for mortality (OR 12.61, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Clinicians should be weary of the increased mortality rates and in-hospital complications in SL patients. Among patients with ML or SL, vasopressor use, rather than SL, was the strongest predictor of mortality. Patients with ML had a quicker time course to peak leukocytosis compared to SL, suggesting these two entities to be distinct in etiology and outcome, warranting future research.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) disease in trauma is 1-58% and is considered a preventable cause of mortality. Positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is found in 8-45% of trauma admissions; however, its association with VTE is controversial. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a positive BAC on admission would be associated with a lower rate of VTE in a large national database of trauma patients. METHODS: We queried the largest United States trauma registry, National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2015), for any patient with positive BAC on admission. The primary outcome was VTE and the secondary outcome was mortality. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS: From 2,725,032 patients (70.1% male, 29.9% female), 1,800,216 (66.1%) had a negative BAC while 924,816 (33.9%) had a positive BAC. A positive BAC was associated with lower rates of VTE (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.86-0.90, p < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 0.91, CI = 0.90-0.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In a large national database, trauma patients with a positive BAC were associated with a lower rate of VTE compared to those with negative BAC. Additionally, trauma patients with positive BAC had a lower association with mortality. These findings remained after adjustment of well-known risk factors for VTE and mortality, respectively.
