PEL, Kaposi's sarcoma HHV8+ and idiopathic T-lymphocitopenia CD4+.

We described a case report of a 36-year-old woman with a 10-year-history of idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocitopenia and Kaposi's sarcoma HHV8+ who developed recurrent pleural effusion. Laboratory and instrumental tests with morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of pleural sediment suggest us the diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). The term primary effusion lymphoma defines an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma HHV8-related, usually classified as a B-cell lymphoma, that grows in liquid-phase within body cavities. The case reported by the Authors appears to be of great interest for its epidemiological and clinical features.

Renal response to 7 days of lower body positive pressure in squirrel monkeys.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the renal response to central volume expansion using lower body positive pressure (LBPP) in the adult male squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and water and plasma aldosterone concentrations were measured during a control day, 7 days of LBPP, and a recovery day. Time control experiments in the same animals included chair sitting without exposure to LBPP. Seven monkeys (600-1,000 g) were trained to sit in a specially designed metabolism chair before chronic implantation of arterial and venous catheters to facilitate maintenance infusion of saline, monitoring of vascular pressures, and blood sampling; urine was collected via a condomlike tube. A cephalad shift in body fluid was induced by applying 20 mmHg of air pressure from the waist down. Urine volume and sodium excretion were increased significantly (28 to 52 ml/day and 0.4 to 3.5 meq/day, respectively) during the initial 24 h of LBPP with most of this response occurring in the first 6-12 h. From the 2nd to the 7th day of LBPP, urinary excretion rates for sodium and water were not different from chair-sitting controls. Water and sodium balance significantly decreased from +15 to -12 ml/day and from +1.1 to -2.2 meq/day, respectively, from the control to the first day of LBPP. This change in balance was not observed in the time-control group. Removal of the stimulus resulted in a modest conservation of sodium and water. The renal responses were not associated with any changes in plasma aldosterone levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Behavioral toxicology of volatile organic solvents. I. Methods: acute effects of toluene.

Behavioral toxicity of toluene has been assessed in mice. Because of its small size the mouse can be confined in a 20 l hermetically sealed chamber for several hours. Toluene was introduced through a port and volatilized by a hot-plate. Samples of chamber air for analysis were taken through another port. A smaller mesh cage held the mouse within the larger chamber. Schedule-controlled responding was developed by arranging that a response, breaking a beam of light, was followed by milk under an Fl 60 sec schedule. Responding was much more rapid in the presence of stimuli correlated with the Fl schedule than when the schedule was not operating. Standard sessions consisted of alternating series of 8 consecutive Fl 60 sec and inter-series 30 min time-outs. Toluene disappeared from the atmosphere of the unopened empty chamber at the rate of 0.2%/hr. When the mouse cage was in the chamber the disappearance was 1.5%/hr and when a mouse was also present it was 3.7%/hr. Concentration-effect curves were determined by exposing a mouse to incremental additions of toluene at 30 min intervals. Toluene increased the rate of responding in most mice at levels of about 700 ppm. Higher concentrations progressively reduced responding. The ED50 (the concentration reducing responding by 50%) averaged 1657 ppm in 10 mice. In the appendix, principles for the assessment of hazard from results of this type are presented. It is estimated that there is a 1/1000 chance of the responding of a mouse being reduced by as much as 10% by a concentration of toluene of 69 ppm.