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1.
Breast Cancer Res ; 24(1): 39, 2022 06 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35659040

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells can induce powerful immune responses in patients with hematological malignancies but have had limited success against solid tumors. This is in part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which limits the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) including CAR-T cells. We have developed a next-generation armored CAR (F i-CAR) targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), which is expressed at high levels in a range of aggressive tumors including poorly prognostic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The F i-CAR-T is designed to release an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor upon CAR-T cell activation within the TME, facilitating activation of CAR-T cells and TILs while limiting toxicity. METHODS: To bolster potency, we developed a F i-CAR construct capable of IL-2-mediated, NFAT-induced secretion of anti-PD-1 single-chain variable fragments (scFv) within the tumor microenvironment, following ROR1-mediated activation. Cytotoxic responses against TNBC cell lines as well as levels and binding functionality of released payload were analyzed in vitro by ELISA and flow cytometry. In vivo assessment of potency of F i-CAR-T cells was performed in a TNBC NSG mouse model. RESULTS: F i-CAR-T cells released measurable levels of anti-PD-1 payload with 5 h of binding to ROR1 on tumor and enhanced the cytotoxic effects at challenging 1:10 E:T ratios. Treatment of established PDL1 + TNBC xenograft model with F i-CAR-T cells resulted in significant abrogation in tumor growth and improved survival of mice (71 days), compared to non-armored CAR cells targeting ROR1 (F CAR-T) alone (49 days) or in combination with systemically administered anti-PD-1 antibody (57 days). Crucially, a threefold increase in tumor-infiltrating T cells was observed with F i-CAR-T cells and was associated with increased expression of genes related to cytotoxicity, migration and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our next-generation of ROR1-targeting inducible armored CAR platform enables the release of an immune stimulating payload only in the presence of target tumor cells, enhancing the therapeutic activity of the CAR-T cells. This technology provided a significant survival advantage in TNBC xenograft models. This coupled with its potential safety attributes merits further clinical evaluation of this approach in TNBC patients.


Subject(s)
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen , Single-Chain Antibodies , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Mice , Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors/genetics , Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors/metabolism , Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics , Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism , Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics , Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Tumor Microenvironment
3.
Oncoimmunology ; 6(7): e1326437, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28811962

ABSTRACT

We have developed a humanized bi-specific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), a cell surface antigen present on a range of malignancies and cancer-initiating cells. Focusing initially on pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated that our ROR1 BiTE results in T cell mediated and antigen-specific cytotoxicity against ROR1-expressing pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro at exceedingly low concentrations (0.1 ng/mL) and low effector to target ratios. Our BiTE prevented engraftment of pancreatic tumor xenografts in murine models and reduced the size of established subcutaneous tumors by at least 3-fold. To validate its wider therapeutic potential, we next demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer in an in vitro and in vivo setting and T-cell-mediated killing of a range of histologically distinct solid tumor cell lines. Overall, our ROR1 BiTE represents a promising immunotherapy approach, because of its ability to target a broad range of malignancies, many with significant unmet therapeutic needs.

4.
Curr Gene Ther ; 16(1): 65-72, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26795016

ABSTRACT

We report the correction of hyperglycemia of STZ induced diabetic mice using one intravenous systemic administration of a single stranded serotype 8 pseudotyped adeno-associated virus (ssAAV2/8) vector encoding the human proinsulin gene under a constitutive liver specific promoter. In vivo dose titration experiments were carried out and we identified an optimal range that achieved maintenance of euglycaemia or a mild diabetic condition for at least 9 months and ongoing to beyond 1 year for some animals, accompanied by human C-peptide secretion and weight gain. Further DNA codon optimization of the insulin gene construct resulted in approximately 3-10 times more human C-peptide secreted in the blood of codon optimized treated animals thereby reducing the number of vector particles required to achieve the same extent of reduction in blood glucose levels as the non-codon optimized vector. The constitutive secretion of insulin achieved with a single administration of the vector could be of therapeutic value for some diabetic patients.


Subject(s)
Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage , Hyperglycemia/therapy , Insulin/genetics , Animals , C-Peptide/metabolism , Codon , Dependovirus/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy , Humans , Hyperglycemia/genetics , Liver/metabolism , Mice, Inbred NOD , Pancreas/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage , Recombinant Proteins/genetics
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