ABSTRACT
The study of the based on the A/Leningrad/134/17/57/(H2N2) attenuated adult live influenza vaccine (LIV) investigated features for immunization of the children, aged 3-6 years. During autumn, 1999, out of 256 children, aged 3-6 years, residents of the Leningrad region, who attended the kindergarten, 184 children were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of the live influenza vaccine, and 72 ones were given placebo. There were no any moderate or strong temperature reactions revealed after the inoculation. The LIV was shown to be genetically stable. After a single dose of the vaccine seroconversion to influenza type A virus and to influenza type B virus was observed respectively in 58% and in 39% of seronegative 3-6 year old vaccinees. The twofold LIV administration failed to give any advantages in stimulation of the immune response. During 6 months after immunization the morbidity rate in vaccinees did not exceed the morbidity rate in unvaccinated children. Thus LIV for adults proved safe and immunogenic and can be recommended for single dose immunization both of adults and children.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Orthomyxoviridae/immunology , Vaccination , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Administration, Intranasal , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Fever/pathology , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Influenza, Human/blood , Orthomyxoviridae/genetics , RNA, Viral/analysis , Restriction Mapping , Russia , Urban Population , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology , Viral Vaccines/genetics , Viral Vaccines/immunologyABSTRACT
Therapeutic efficacy of remantadine and arbidole was studied in the clinical and laboratory observation of pediatric in- and outpatients with grippe and mixed viral infections in various seasonal epidemic. In the trial of remantadine 742 school children and 60 children at the age of 3 to 6 years with type A, B or A + B grippe, grippe in association with other acute viral respiratory tract infections or acute viral respiratory tract infections of nongrippe etiology were observed. 402 and 400 of them were given remantadine and placebo respectively. The drug was used in a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight 3 times a day for 3 days. In the trial of arbidole 158 children at the age of 1 to 14 years with type A grippe, grippe + acute viral respiratory tract infection and acute viral respiratory tract infection of nongrippe etiology were observed. The arbidole daily dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was given in 4 portions for 5 days. Both the drugs were shown to be therapeutically efficient in all the grippe types and acute viral respiratory tract infections. The highest efficacy was observed when the use of the drugs was started at the early stages. With the use of the drugs the periods of fever, other intoxication signs and virus isolation decreased. No adverse reactions were recorded. The drugs had no inhibitory effect on the cellular and humoral immunity and on production of antiviral antibodies. The dynamics of the indices of the cellular immunity and macrophages confirmed the arbidole immunostimulating action.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Indoles/therapeutic use , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Interferon Inducers/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Rimantadine/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Indoles/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/microbiology , Inpatients , Interferon Inducers/administration & dosage , Male , Outpatients , Rimantadine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The therapeutical efficacy of remantadine was studied in influenza in- and out-patients aged 3-14 years during consecutive influenza epidemics. The drug was given to ill children on the first or second day from the onset of the disease at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight 3 times a day for 3 days. The curative effect of remantadine was established not only in influenza A, but also in influenza B infections, as well as in mixed infections with other respiratory agents and with pathogens of non-influenza etiology, which might be the result of its antitoxic activity. Remantadine application decreased fever and complication rates and reduced the duration of intoxication symptoms and the diseases as a whole. A more pronounced drug activity was observed when given to children on the first day of the diseases. Remantadine exerted no toxic effect on the basic functions of the child's body. Ill children displayed no inhibitory activity on cell and humoral immunity, as well as on a serum antibody response to hemagglutinin of influenza virus.
