Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Guideline of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG (S2e-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/006, April 2016).

Aims: The aim was to establish an official interdisciplinary guideline, published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). The guideline was developed for use in German-speaking countries. In addition to the Germany Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the guideline has also been approved by the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG). This is a guideline published and coordinated by the DGGG. The aim is to provide evidence-based recommendations obtained by evaluating the relevant literature for the diagnostic, conservative and surgical treatment of women with female pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress incontinence. Methods: We conducted a systematic review together with a synthesis of data and meta-analyses, where feasible. MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl, Pedro and the Cochrane Register were searched for relevant articles. Reference lists were hand-searched, as were the abstracts of the Annual Meetings of the International Continence Society and the International Urogynecological Association. We included only abstracts of randomized controlled trials that were presented and discussed in podium sessions. We assessed original data on surgical procedures published since 2008 with a minimum follow-up time of at least 12 months. If the studies included descriptions of perioperative complications, this minimum follow-up period did not apply. Recommendations: The guideline encompasses recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse. Recommendations for anterior, posterior and apical pelvic organ prolapse with or without concomitant stress urinary incontinence, uterine preservation options, and the pros and cons of mesh placements during surgery for pelvic organ prolapse are presented. The recommendations are based on an extensive and systematic review and evaluation of the current literature and include the experiences and specific conditions in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

The effect of treating forages with fibrolytic enzymes on its nutritive value and lactation performance of dairy cows.

Forages (corn silage and alfalfa hay) were sprayed with liquid enzymes prior to combining with a concentrate to form a total mixed ration (50% forage:50% concentrate, dry matter basis) and fed to lactating cows. In the first year, treatments were 1) no enzymes, 2) an enzyme complex containing 3500 carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and 16,000 xylanase units per kilogram of forage dry matter, or 3) an enzyme complex containing 8800 CMCase units and 40,000 xylanase units. In the second year, the treatments were 1) no enzymes, 2) an enzyme complex as in yr 1 containing 3700 CMCase and 14,000 xylanase units, or 3) an enzyme complex using an alternative cellulase and containing 3600 CMCase and 11,000 xylanase units. In the first year, cows fed diet 2 tended to produce more milk (39.5 kg/d) than those fed diet 1 (37.0 kg/d) or those fed diet 3 (36.2 kg/d). The high level of enzyme treatment in diet 3 decreased the output of milk protein and fat compared to the low level of enzyme treatment. In the second year, cows fed diet 3 produced more milk (35.4 kg/d) than did those fed diet 1 (32.9 kg/d) and numerically more than those fed diet 2 (33.6 kg/d). Milk fat and protein were similar among treatments but numerically lower for cows fed enzyme-treated forages. Dry matter intake (kg/d) was similar among treatments in both years. Spraying certain doses and combinations of enzymes directly onto forages prior to feeding can improve milk yields but enzyme sources and dose levels are of critical importance.

[Serologic groups of O-antigens of E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections within the boundaries of the USSR and East Germany]. / Serologicheskie gruppy O-antigenov E. coli, vydelennykh pri infektsiiakh mochevykh putei na territoriiakh SSSR i GDR.

A total of 373 E. coli strains, isolated in urinary tract infections from children and adults in Rostock (GDR) and Moscow (USSR), were found to belong to 63 O-groups. E. coli isolated in Rostock belonged to 36 O-groups, and in Moscow to 53 O-groups. The occurrence of E. coli serogroups in the dominating O-groups (more than 2% of the total number of strains) in Rostock (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O9, O15, O21, O25, O75, O102) differed from that in Moscow (O1, O2, O4, O6, O8, O9, O15, O16, O17, O18, O25, O28, O73, O75) in composition and frequency, in Rostock the predominant E. coli groups being O2, O4, O6, O7, O9, O21, O75, O102, while in Moscow O1, O8, O15, O16, O17, O18, O25, O28, O73. The partial O-antigen composition of E. coli strains belonging to the same O-groups, isolated in Rostock and Moscow, was different in groups O1, O2, O125.