Pancreaticoureteric fistula following penetrating abdominal trauma: A Case Report.

Pancreaticoureteric Fistula (PUF) is a very rare complication secondary to penetrating abdominal trauma involving the ureter and pancreatic parenchyma. Pancreatic injuries carry h igh morbidity due to the involvem ent of surrounding structures and are d ifficult to diagnose due to thei r retroperitoneal location. A case of a patient is reported at Civil Hospital, Hyderabad who presented with a history of firearm injury and missed pancreatic duct involvement on initial exploration that eventually led to the development of Pan creaticoureteric Fistula. He was managed v ia p erc ut aneous nep hrostomy ( PCN ) for the right ureteric injury and pancreatic duct (PD) stenting was done for distal main pancreatic duct injury (MPD).

Navigating sustainable horizons: exploring the dynamics of financial stability, green growth, renewable energy, technological innovation, financial inclusion, and soft infrastructure in shaping sustainable development.

This paper examines sustainable development, which employs an integrated approach to tackle environmental, social, and economic challenges. It provides a theoretical underpinning by examining sustainable development's inception, fundamental tenets, and conceptual structures. This study highlights the interdependence of social equity, economic prosperity, and environmental conservation, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach. Quantitative methodology is utilized in this study, and the dependent variable is sustainable development. Financial risk, green growth, technological innovation, renewable energy, financial inclusion, and soft infrastructure are all independent variables. The analysis is predicated on secondary data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and World Development Indicators databases spanning 2004 to 2019. An entropy-weighted method used for the green growth index is a metric that enhances the precision of variable indicators. Cointegration, correlation, VIF, cross-sectional dependency, and stationarity tests are among the diagnostic tests that inform the selection of methods for the panel data set. It is determined that fully modified ordinary least squares is the suitable technique. The findings suggest statistically significant positive correlations among greenhouse gases, financial inclusion, and soft infrastructure. Conversely, significant negative correlations exist between financial risk, green growth, renewable energy, and technological innovation. An estimated 55% long-run variance is present. The study's key finding is that financial risk has an adverse effect on sustainable development, while an impactful relationship where increased green growth is linked to decreased GHG emissions. This association is notably significant. Results show that renewable energy has a negative coefficient and significant negative impact on greenhouse gases, showing an active relation to enhancing sustainable development. In contrast, financial inclusion has a significant positive effect on sustainable development. The implications imply that providing incentives to institutions engaged in alternative energy, precisely renewable sources, could positively impact the environment. Government policies and funding regulations oriented toward sustainable development are indispensable for environmental sustainability. Government policies and incentives are pivotal in advancing an environmentally conscious and sustainable future. This study's contribution lies in elucidating the positive correlation between government interventions and promoting renewable energy adoption, thereby paving the way for a greener tomorrow.

Lyme rashes disease classification using deep feature fusion technique.

Automatic classification of Lyme disease rashes on the skin helps clinicians and dermatologists' probe and investigate Lyme skin rashes effectively. This paper proposes a new in-depth features fusion system to classify Lyme disease rashes. The proposed method consists of two main steps. First, three different deep learning models, Densenet201, InceptionV3, and Exception, were trained independently to extract the deep features from the erythema migrans (EM) images. Second, a deep feature fusion mechanism (meta classifier) is developed to integrate the deep features before the final classification output layer. The meta classifier is a basic deep convolutional neural network trained on original images and features extracted from base level three deep learning models. In the feature fusion mechanism, the last three layers of base models are dropped out and connected to the meta classifier. The proposed deep feature fusion method significantly improved the classification process, where the classification accuracy was 98.97%, which is particularly impressive than the other state-of-the-art models.

IoT and Ensemble Long-Short-Term-Memory-Based Evapotranspiration Forecasting for Riyadh.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the fundamental component of efficient water resource management. Accurate forecasting of ET is essential for efficient water utilization in agriculture. ET forecasting is a complex process due to the requirements of large meteorological variables. The recommended approach is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and an ensemble-learning-based approach for meteorological data collection and ET forecasting with limited meteorological conditions. IoT is part of the recommended approach to collect real-time data on meteorological variables. The daily maximum temperature (T), mean humidity (Hm), and maximum wind speed (Ws) are used to forecast evapotranspiration (ET). Long short-term memory (LSTM) and ensemble LSTM with bagged and boosted approaches are implemented and evaluated for their accuracy in forecasting ET values using meteorological data from 2001 to 2023. The results demonstrate that the bagged LSTM approach accurately forecasts ET with limited meteorological conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94 compared to the boosted LSTM and off-the-shelf LSTM with R2 of 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. The bagged LSTM model is also more efficient with small values of root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean squared error (MSE) of 0.42 and 0.53 compared to the boosted LSTM and off-the-shelf LSTM models.

Preventive practices and parents' psychological health of children with disabilities after COVID-19 lockdown in Pakistan.

AIM: To find out differences in mental health outcomes between parents of children with different disabilities due to COVID-19 by determining the relationship between preventive practices, fear and stress in parents of disabled children. METHODS: A sample of 213 parents, whose children with disabilities (age range 1-16 years) were previously on regular follow-up before pandemic but did not take therapy for 1 year or more during COVID-19 lockdown and resumed sessions after a gap period, was surveyed. Perceived stress scale, fear and adherence to preventive measures questionnaire (developed by researchers) were used to measure stress, fear response of parents due to COVID-19 and preventive measures practiced by disabled children respectively. RESULTS: Parents who had financial difficulties and believed their disabled children had more chance of getting COVID-19 were more stressed. Parents who received any help from community/government were less stressed. One-way analysis of variance showed parents of cerebral palsy (CP) children reported more stress of COVID-19 as compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID). Parents of ID children reported more stress than ASD. Parents of CP children had more fear of loss of family members or getting infected with COVID-19 than GDD parents. ASD, GDD and CP children adhered more to preventive measures than ID children; however, CP children adhered more to preventive measures than GDD children. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 lockdown has persisting impact on mental health of parents of disabled children. Those parents experienced increased levels of stress and fear but reported adherence to preventive measures depending on the child's disability.

Excision of Postchemotherapy Residual Retroperitoneal Mass in Testicular Cancer.

In this study, patients, who underwent excision of retroperitoneal mass following chemotherapy for testicular cancers from 2006 to 2016, were studied and followed till 2021. The clinical and oncological outcomes were measured. Among 338 patients, who were treated for TC during the entire study period, 38 (11.2%) underwent excision of the residual retroperitoneal mass. The mean age of these patients was 26.9±6.3 years. The majority were stage 3 testicular cancer. Complete resection with negative microscopic margins was achieved in the majority of cases i.e. 31 (81.6%). Damage to the collateral structures was seen in 12 (31.6%) cases. On histopathological examination, teratoma was seen in 18 (47.4%) of the cases followed by necrosis in 10 (26.3%). Complications were recorded in 12 (31.5%) cases, most were low grades. At five years of follow-up, 19 (50%) were disease-free, 25 (65.8%) were alive, and 9 (23.6%) were lost to follow-up. Five-year survival rates are lower than standard template-based retroperitoneal dissection, however, complications rates are comparable. Such complex surgeries should only be performed in high-volume centres. Key Words: Testicular neoplasms, Lymph node excision, Seminoma, Germ cell and embryonal.

Low-field magnetic anisotropy of Sr2IrO4.

Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) is essential because of its strong spin-orbit coupling and crystal field effect. In this paper, we present a detailed mapping of the out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic anisotropy in Sr2IrO4for different sample orientations using torque magnetometry measurements in the low-magnetic-field region before the isospins are completely ordered. Dominant in-plane anisotropy was identified at low fields, confirming thebaxis as an easy magnetization axis. Based on the fitting analysis of the strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, we observed that the main anisotropic effect arises from a spin-orbit-coupled magnetic exchange interaction affecting the OOP interaction. The effect of interlayer exchange interaction results in additional anisotropic terms owing to the tilting of the isospins. The results are relevant for understanding OOP magnetic anisotropy and provide a new way to analyze the effects of spin-orbit-coupling and interlayer magnetic exchange interactions. This study provides insight into the understanding of bulk magnetic, magnetotransport, and spintronic behavior on Sr2IrO4for future studies.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of genitourinary system.

Two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) involving the genitourinary system are presented. One patient with mass of urinary bladder came in with lower abdominal pain whereas the second patient complained of right flank pain and investigations showed a mass involving the right kidney. At present, no specific guidelines exist for the management of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. In this case report, we will discuss the work-up and the management stratégies adopted for each case.

Electrically Tunable Lens (ETL)-Based Variable Focus Imaging System for Parametric Surface Texture Analysis of Materials.

Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are those with the ability to alter their optical power in response to an electric signal. This feature allows such systems to not only image the areas of interest but also obtain spatial depth perception (depth of field, DOF). The aim of the present study was to develop an ETL-based imaging system for quantitative surface analysis. Firstly, the system was calibrated to achieve high depth resolution, warranting the accurate measurement of the depth and to account for and correct any influences from external factors on the ETL. This was completed using the Tenengrad operator which effectively identified the plane of best focus as demonstrated by the linear relationship between the control current applied to the ETL and the height at which the optical system focuses. The system was then employed to measure amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and volume surface texture parameters of a model material (pharmaceutical dosage form) which were validated against the parameters obtained using a previously validated surface texture analysis technique, optical profilometry. There were no statistically significant differences between the surface texture parameters measured by the techniques, highlighting the potential application of ETL-based imaging systems as an easily adaptable and low-cost alternative surface texture analysis technique to conventional microscopy techniques.

Heat induction in two-dimensional graphene-Fe3O4 nanohybrids for magnetic hyperthermia applications with artificial neural network modeling.

We report the synthesis and characterization of graphene functionalized with iron (Fe3+) oxide (G-Fe3O4) nanohybrids for radio-frequency magnetic hyperthermia application. We adopted the wet chemical procedure, using various contents of Fe3O4 (magnetite) from 0-100% for making two-dimensional graphene-Fe3O4 nanohybrids. The homogeneous dispersal of Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated on the graphene surface combined with their biocompatibility and high thermal conductivity make them an excellent material for magnetic hyperthermia. The morphological and magnetic properties of the nanohybrids were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The smart magnetic platforms were exposed to an alternating current (AC) magnetic field of 633 kHz and of strength 9.1 mT for studying their hyperthermic performance. The localized antitumor effects were investigated with artificial neural network modeling. A neural net time-series model was developed for the assessment of the best nanohybrid composition to serve the purpose with an accuracy close to 100%. Six Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX) models were obtained, one for each of the components. The assessment of the accuracy of the predicted results has been done on the basis of Mean Squared Error (MSE). The highest Mean Squared Error value was obtained for the nanohybrid containing 45% magnetite and 55% graphene (F45G55) in the training phase i.e., 0.44703, which is where the model achieved optimal results after 71 epochs. The F45G55 nanohybrid was found to be the best for hyperthermia applications in low dosage with the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) and mean squared error values.

Size-dependent magnetic and magnetothermal properties of gadolinium silicide nanoparticles.

Gadolinium silicide (Gd5Si4) nanoparticles are an interesting class of materials due to their high magnetization, low Curie temperature, low toxicity in biological environments and their multifunctional properties. We report the magnetic and magnetothermal properties of gadolinium silicide (Gd5Si4) nanoparticles prepared by surfactant-assisted ball milling of arc melted bulk ingots of the compound. Using different milling times and speeds, a wide range of crystallite sizes (13-43 nm) could be produced and a reduction in Curie temperature (T C) from 340 K to 317 K was achieved, making these nanoparticles suitable for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia applications. The magnetothermal effect was measured in applied AC magnetic fields of amplitude 164-239 Oe and frequencies 163-519 kHz. All particles showed magnetic heating with a strong dependence of the specific absorption rate (SAR) on the average crystallite size. The highest SAR of 3.7 W g-1 was measured for 43 nm sized nanoparticles of Gd5Si4. The high SAR and low T C, (within the therapeutic range for magnetothermal therapy) makes the Gd5Si4 behave like self-regulating heat switches that would be suitable for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia applications after biocompatibility and cytotoxicity tests.

Antiferromagnet-Based Spintronic Functionality by Controlling Isospin Domains in a Layered Perovskite Iridate.

The novel electronic state of the canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator strontium iridate (Sr2 IrO4 ) is well described by the spin-orbit-entangled isospin Jeff = 1/2, but the role of isospin in transport phenomena remains poorly understood. In this study, antiferromagnet-based spintronic functionality is demonstrated by combining the unique characteristics of the isospin state in Sr2 IrO4 . Based on magnetic and transport measurements, a large and highly anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) is obtained by manipulating the AFM isospin domains. First-principles calculations suggest that electrons whose isospin directions are strongly coupled to the in-plane net magnetic moment encounter an isospin mismatch when moving across the AFM domain boundaries, which generates a high resistance state. By rotating a magnetic field that aligns in-plane net moments and removes domain boundaries, the macroscopically ordered isospins govern dynamic transport through the system, which leads to the extremely angle-sensitive AMR. As this work establishes a link between isospins and magnetotransport in strongly spin-orbit-coupled AFM Sr2 IrO4 , the peculiar AMR effect provides a beneficial foundation for fundamental and applied research on AFM spintronics.

Clinical manifestations of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

OBJECTIVE: To determine major symptoms and signs in patients of systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital, Khyber Teaching Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 15, 2014, to August 15, 2016, and comprised patients of systemic lupus erythematosus. Data was collected through an interview-based questionnaire containing questions about different symptoms. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 663 patients, 606(91.4%) were females and 57(8.6%) males. The overall mean age of patients was 33.09 ± 12.40 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 31.85 ± 12.40 years. The most common general symptom in our study was fatigue which was present in 524(79.03%) patients. Other constitutional symptoms were fever 334(50.04%), body aches 443(66.08%) and weakness 411(62%). The most common clinical manifestation in our study was arthritis 518(78.1%). Malar rash was found in 487(73.5%) patients. Dry eye was in 227(34.2%) patients, followed by conjunctivitis 156(23.5%). Anaemia was present in 444(66.96%) patients, followed by leukopenia 166(25.03%) and thrombocytopenia 42(6.33%). CONCLUSIONS: Significant regional differences existed in the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa compared to other regions.

Polysaccharides based superabsorbent hydrogel from Linseed: Dynamic swelling, stimuli responsive on-off switching and drug release.

Swelling properties of Linseed hydrogel (LSH) were studied in deionized water and different physiological pH values, i.e., 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. Analysis of the kinetics drawn from swelling data has revealed that swelling of LSH followed second order kinetics. The results indicated that swelling of LSH is greatly affected by different concentration of salts. Stimuli responsive on-off switching of LSH was studied in water/normal saline, water/ethanol and basic/acidic environment and found reversible. LSH swells maximum in water and at pH 7.4 while deswells abruptly in ethanol and at pH 1.2. The elongated porous structures uniformly organized in layers were observed in FE-SEM. LSH was used as a sustained release material for tablet formulation of diclofenac sodium. Drug release study followed non-Fickian diffusion. LSH sustained the release of drug even better than a commercially available formulation of diclofenac sodium.

A comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum).

Spices are the building blocks of flavor in foods. This research work was focused on two important spices, i.e., ginger and cumin. Ginger and cumin both are recognized for their antioxidant properties. So, this study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). The highest yield for volatile oil was obtained by the cumin sample, which was 2.52 +/- 0.11%, while the fresh ginger showed the lowest yield (0.31 +/- 0.08%). The analysis of volatile oils of fresh and dried ginger showed camphene, p-cineole, alpha-terpineol, zingiberene and pentadecanoic acid as major components, while the major components in cumin volatile oil were cuminal, gamma-terpinene and pinocarveol. In nonvolatile extracts the highest yield was obtained by the methanol extract of cumin (4.08 +/- 0.17% w/w), while the n-hexane extract of fresh ginger showed the lowest yield (0.52 +/- 0.03% w/w). Maximum total phenolic contents were observed in the methanol extract of fresh ginger (95.2 mg/g dry extract) followed by the hexane extract of fresh ginger (87.5 mg/g dry extract). The hexane extract of cumin showed the lowest total phenolic content (10.6 mg/g dry extract). The DPPH method showed the highest antioxidant activity for cumin essential oil (85.44 +/- 0.50%) followed by dried ginger essential oil (83.87 +/- 0.50%) and fresh ginger essential oil (83.03 +/- 0.54%). The FRAP of essential oils showed almost comparative results with DPPH. Cumin essential oil was found best in reducing Fe(3+) ions, followed by dried and fresh ginger. Our results suggest that both ginger and cumin can be used as potential sources of natural antioxidants in foods.