[Late diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 (case studies)]. / Pozdnyaya diagnostika rinotserebral'nogo mukormikoza u bol'nykh COVID-19 (klinicheskie nablyudeniya).

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of secondary infections (both bacterial and fungal) has increased due to immune suppression associated with the use of corticosteroids or broad-spectrum antibiotics as a part of COVID-19 treatment protocol, which may exacerbate a pre-existing fungal disease or cause a new infection. Ophthalmologists are often involved in taking medical and surgical decisions in these complex cases. In this regard, a strong clinical suspicion should be applied to possible secondary fungal infections in COVID-19. Their early diagnosis and treatment may reduce mortality due to COVID-19 associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). This article describes two clinical cases of late detection of ROCM with two different scenarios, and compare the features of these cases with the literature data.

[Use of the fish oil "Polyen" in pediatric practice]. / Opyt primeneniia ryb'ego zhira "polien" v pediatricheskoi praktike.

The effects of supplementation of basic diets with 'Polyen' in daily doses of 2.5-4.0 g during 30-40 days together with antioxidants were studied in patients with kidney diseases (diet No7, n = 14), different allergies (hypoallergenic diet, n = 37) and in control children (n = 12). It was shown positive dynamics in fatty acid contents in plasma and red blood cell membranes, in humoral and cell immunity indicators and in improving of clinical symptoms of diseases. 'Polyen' is recommended for wide use in pediatric practice.

[The interaction of atrial natriuretic peptide with other bioregulators of kidney function in chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. / Vzaimodeistvie atrial'nogo natriiureticheskogo peptida s drugimi bioreguliatorami funktsii pochek pri khronicheskom glomerulonefrite u detei.

A study was made of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity and plasmic concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (NUP) as well as antidiuretic hormone in children with primary glomerulonephritis. A close relationship was established of these parameters in regulation of water-salt homeostasis. The above systems are involved in pathogenesis of childhood glomerulonephritis. This finding should be considered in development of pathogenetically validated therapy of glomerulonephritis, including introduction of synthetic NUP.

[Rate of progress of chronic renal insufficiency during low-protein diet]. / Skorost' progressirovaniia khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti v usloviiakh nizkobelkovoi diety.

The rate of progress of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) under conditions of a diet with a moderate protein content and during a free diet was studied in 40 children with tubulointerstitial renal diseases and glomerulonephritis by determining the dependence of reciprocal serum creatinine on the time. A low-protein diet had a positive effect on the rate of CRI progress in children with tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidneys. The prognostic error--the difference between the foretold and the true period of time to the "death of the kidney" was 12% on the average.

[Streptococcal infection and chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. / Streptokokkovaia infekstiia i khronicheskii glomerulonefrit u detei.

Microbiological, immunological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out in 78 children with different clinicomorphological forms of chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). According to the data obtained, the role of streptococcal infection (SI) is inconclusive in certain clinicomorphological forms of chronic GN, suggesting different approaches to the treatment of these patients. The etiological role of SI is most probable in mesangioproliferative and mesangiocapillary GN, manifesting by hematuric and mixed forms of chronic GN. Antibacterial therapy is indicated to patients with a rise of the level of ASL-O and with the clinical signs of acute SI or exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis in the same patients, especially during immunosuppressive therapy.

[Antiprolifirative effect of chlorbutin and sensitivity of patients with glomerulonephritis to this drug]. / Antiproliferativnoe deistvie khlorbutina i chuvstvitel'nost' bol'nykh glomerulonefritom k terapii etim preparatom.

Children suffering from different forms of glomerulonephritis were examined for the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the antiproliferative action of chlorambucil in vitro. All the patients were given chlorambucil treatment in accordance with a 4-component scheme. As a result, in 15 patients (group I), a complete clinicolaboratory remission was attained. In 8 patients, (group II), the treatment results were estimated as a partial remission and in 8 patients (group III), the treatment turned out ineffective. In 14 patients of group I, the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the antiproliferative action of chlorambucil was viewed as high whereas in 7 patients of group III as low. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from group II patients had a low sensitivity to chlorambucil. The prognostic value of the laboratory test suggested is under discussion.

[Effect of the treatment with oxydevit on calcium metabolism, immune status and 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors in the lymphocytes of children with glomerulonephritis]. / Vliianie lecheniia oksidevitom na obmen kal'tsiia, immunnyi status i retseptory 1,25(OH)2D3 v limfotsitakh u detei s glomerulonefritom.

In all the examined children with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN), peripheral blood lymphocytes had a high concentration of receptors of 1,25 (OH)2D3, a hormonal form of vitamin D. At the same time as to the healthy children, 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptors were identified only in 27%, with the concentration being lower. A large amount of 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptors may be related to the expression of the hormone in activated lymphocytes. In addition to the normalization of calcium metabolism, the treatment with oxydevit favoured the normalization of the content of IgG and T lymphocytes as well as a reduction (to normal) of the content of 0 lymphocytes regardless of the previous treatment. Partial remission was attained in 14 out of 20 GN patients. In 10 of these children, the remission lasting 1-2 years was attained for the first time. In 17 children treated with oxydevit, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection decreased from 6-8 times to 1-2 times a year. The data obtained allowed one to ascertain the immunomodulatory capacities of oxydevit in children with chronic glomerulonephritis.

[Etiology of a nephrotic form of primary chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. / K étiologii nefroticheskoi formy pervichnogo khronicheskogo glomerulonefrita u detei.

As many as 91 children with the nephrotic and hematuric forms of primary chronic glomerulonephritis were examined for the presence of streptococcal infection and allergic diseases. It has been shown that as compared to patients with the hematuric form of chronic glomerulonephritis, those with the nephrotic form manifest a higher occurrence of A3, a dramatic rise of serum IgE and its dependence on the activity of glomerulonephritis. The data obtained may attest to the etiological role played by allergy in the development of the nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis. Frequently occurring colonization of hemolytic streptococcus in the fauces and the rise of the ASL-O titer in the blood serum seen in patients with the hematuric form of glomerulonephritis, its dependence on the disease activity suggest the streptococcal etiology in patients with that form in contrast to those with the nephrotic form.

[Hepatitis B infection and primary glomerulonephritis in children]. / HB-virusnaia infektsiia i pervichnyi glomerulonefrit u detei.

Out of 165 children presenting with renal pathology, HBV-infection was detected by RIA in 69.7% of children suffering from glomerulonephritis and in 30.8% of children with pyelonephritis. The infection manifested by the carriage of HBs-antigen and persistent hepatitis. Unlike the control group (without HBv-infection), in patients with HBv-infection, glomerulonephritis was characterized by the development of a prognostically unfavourable mixed form there of in children under 7 years, by rare cases of the onset of a complete remission consequent to immunosuppressive therapy, a decline of the level of serum IgG and the T lymphocyte count, a reduction of the helper/suppressor ratio to 1.21 at the expense of a decrease of the number of helpers, and a higher amount of lymphocytes expressing receptors to IL-2.

[Comparative influence of nootropic preparations on the emetic effect of morphine]. / Sravnitel'noe vliianie nootropnykh preparatov na émeticheskii éffekt morfina.

The effect of electroshock (ECS) and piracetam, oxiracetam or N-acetylglycinamide on the passive avoidance conditioned response in rats was studied. The antiemetic effect of the compounds was examined in cats as well. The results obtained allowed us to distinct the nootropic and antiemetic action of the drugs. The substances possessed a similar ability to prevent ECS-induced amnesia. On the contrary, oxiracetam completely prevented the emetic response to morphine at doses 100 times lower and piracetam at doses 10 times higher then those of the opioid. N-Acetylglycinamide had no antiemetic activity. The results obtained show that oxiracetam is 100 times more active in antiemetic test than piracetam. These data comprise the novel properties of nootropic drugs.

[Use of vitamin D 2 and its metabolites in chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. / Primenenie vitamina D2 i ego metabolitov pri khronicheskom glomerulonefrite u detei.

Comparative assessment of the action of vitamin D2 in high doses, of oxydevit and rocaltrol applied in renal osteopathies has demonstrated that they are equally effective in elevating the calcium concentration in blood serum occurring at the expense of its increased absorption by the intestine. At the same time certain differences have been discovered in the action of these agents on endocrine regulation. The data obtained provide evidence in favour of the use of vitamin D2 in high doses or of its metabolites not only in renal osteopathies at the stage of chronic renal failure but also in the management of the disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with the nephrotic syndrome in the functional-compensation stage after continuous use of corticosteroids, heparin and diuretics.

[Influence of piracetam on the effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides]. / Vliianie piratsetama na éffekty narkoticheskikh anal'getikov i opioidnykh peptidov.

Piracetam possesses some properties not related to the nootropic activity. The purpose of the work was to study piracetam influence on effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides at intracerebroventricular administration. In experiments on cats it was found that piracetam in a dose-dependent way prevented the emetic effect of morphine and leu-enkephalin. In experiments on rats (tail-flick test) piracetam was shown to be able of blocking the analgesic effect of fentanyl. Experiments on the study of the anticataleptogenic effect of piracetam also showed antagonism between piracetam and agonists of opioid receptors. Thus, it was shown on a number of models that piracetam exhibits antagonistic properties with respect of opioid peptides and narcotic analgesics.