Spontaneous reanastomosis between lymphatic vessels following syngeneic transplantation of the small intestine in the rat.

Spontaneous lymphvascular reanastomosis (SLR) following small bowel transplantation in rats is of clinical relevance for the resorption of long chain fatty acids. Detailed morphological and molecular data concerning the process of lymphvascular reanastomosis are not available in the literature. In this study SLR was investigated using microradiology and scanning electron microscopy. Between the 8th and 21st postoperative days following transplantation SLR does not occur between the intestinal trunk of the transplant and the thoracic duct of the recipient. Instead, an indirect connection was observed between the inserted advential lymphatic vessels of the mesenteric artery and lymphatic vessels of the aorta or ductus deferens, which are connected with the thoracic duct.

Introduction and evaluation of a modular seminar system in gross anatomy teaching at the Hannover Medical School.

We present a new modular seminar system which has been introduced into the gross anatomy teaching at the Hannover Medical School. It consists of seven modules with a clinical emphasis. The new modular seminar system was evaluated by an anonymous questionnaire. The results showed that the seminar system as a whole, and the different modules with one exception were highly appreciated by the students. The evaluation also revealed that the main reason for the success of a module is the manner of the teaching and learning rather than the clinical relevance. Taking into account the results of this evaluation we describe the appropriate style of teaching for use in a seminar. The success of this new approach to small group instruction in Germany should encourage other teachers of anatomy and other undergraduate subjects to consider new methods of teaching.

[Sonographic presentation of the physiologic ovarian function in the anovulatory and pseudopregnant cycle of the cat]. / Sonographische Darstellung der physiologischen Ovarfunktion im anovulatorischen und pseudograviden Zyklus der Katze.

Continuous sonographic examinations of the physiological ovarian structures were performed in four anovulatory and 14 pseudopregnant cycles. The animals were examined in standing position from the right and left flank using a mechanical 13 MHz sector scanner with integrated stand off pad. The intervals were two or three days during anoestrous and luteal phases and one day during follicular phases. The follicles could be identified from a minimum size of 1.0 mm and reached maximum mean diameters of 3.3 mm within at most eight days. The period of follicular regression was eight days in the anovulatory cycles. In the pseudopregnant cycles ovulation could be sonographically verified by the disappearance of follicles of 3 or more mm in diameter within 24 hours. Immediately thereafter the ovary had a more or less homogeneous appearance. Luteal development gave different sonographic findings. In general anechoic structures of 1 mm in diameter were recognizable within three days after ovulation, coming up to 5.3 mm within five days. Compact corpora lutea were easily identified as nearly homogeneous structures, that bulged over the ovarian surface. Corpora lutea, that were embedded in the ovary could not be detected without doubt.

Doppler ultrasonography of canine maternal and fetal arteries during normal gestation.

Two-dimensional ultrasonography was used in combination with colour-flow imaging and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography to study the maternal circulation and the development of fetal vascularization in six Beagles during normal gestation. For the first time, the development of the circulation was demonstrated in the bitch and her fetuses intra vitam. The bloodstream was examined in small uteroplacental arteries, the umbilical artery, the fetal aorta and the common carotid artery. The duration of the study was from week 3 after insemination until birth. Relatively large vessels were detected by cross-sectional ultrasonography, and small vessels were detected by colour-flow imaging. In pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography, the blood flow was measured and described using the parameters of systolic peak velocity, diastolic peak velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index, resistance index, A:B ratio (systolic peak velocity:end-diastolic velocity) and S:D parameter (systolic peak velocity:diastolic peak velocity). The development of the measured parameters is typical and similar to that in humans. The systolic peak velocity of the canine maternal uteroplacental arteries shows important differences in comparison with humans. The pulsatility index, resistance index and A:B ratio decrease in nearly all vessels. Only the fetal common carotid artery has constant pulsatility and resistance indices during gestation. For the first time, the quality and quantity of the normal blood flow have been monitored during the whole of gestation. A normal circulation is fundamental for supplying the fetus adequately with oxygen and nutrients and thus for physiological development. These ultrasonographic results are the basis for further clinical studies.

Microradiography of the feline marginal periodontium with a microfocal high-resolution x-ray system.

The present paper is a cross-sectional microradiographic study. Postmortem hemimandibles were radiographed with a microfocal high-resolution method. Microradiographic appearances of the feline periodontium are described and discussed. Mean relative alveolar bone support in clinically and histologically normal cats was 46.9%. Site-specific alveolar bone support (ABS) was calculated twice (blind). The 95% confidence limits of the method error for one observation were estimated. Differences between two site-specific measurements did not exceed +/- 2.72%. Microfocal radiography yielded valuable additional information about the feline periodontium and made it possible clearly to identify important dental and periodontal structures such as the CEJ (cementoenamel junction) and the bottom of infrabony defects.

[Nomenclature of the clitoris and preputium of the mare in relation to the surgical removal of the clitoral sinus according to CEM regulations]. / Beitrag zur Nomenklatur von Klitoris und Präputium bei der Stute im Hinblick auf die Klitorissinusektomie gemäss CEM-Bestimmungen.

The cavity, that belongs to the glans clitoridis and that has to be removed in accord with the regulations and rules for the import of horses of CEM carrier states, has not been taken up in the NAV (1983). Conform to the statements of the clinical physicians and to the declarations of the American literature the nomenclature "Sinus clitoridis" is proposed for the international use.