[Diet and body weight at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico]. / Alimentación y peso corporal al inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 en México.

Background: Weight changes in adults have strong repercussions on people's health status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these changes could be more evident due to the mandatory confinement, as well as eating habits and lifestyle. In this study, changes in diet and body weight in Mexican population at the beginning of COVID-19 lockdown period (weeks 4-7) were evaluated using an online survey. Objective: To identify the characteristics of the diet and the perceived change in body weight at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of 1281 people over 18 years of age, electronic survey in weeks 4-7 of confinement with sociodemographic data, food consumption and perception of body weight. Results: The change in food consumption was 53.9%, finding differences according to gender in beverages (carbonated, juices, alcoholic), coffee/tea, fruits, legumes (p < 0.05). The perception of body weight increases by 3.4 (increased) and 2.1 (lowered) times more than the risk of change in diet. Conclusions: The dietary differences refer to a tendency to the type of food consumed, mainly sugary drinks, with the perception of changes in positive body weight in women.

Introducción: los cambios de peso corporal tienen fuertes repercusiones en el estado de salud de las personas. Durante la pandemia, estos cambios podrían verse más pronunciados debido al confinamiento obligatorio, así como a los malos hábitos alimentarios y al estilo de vida. En este estudio se examinaron los cambios en la alimentación y el peso corporal en población mexicana durante el inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 (semanas 4-7 de confinamiento) mediante una encuesta en línea. Objetivo: identificar las características de la alimentación y el cambio percibido del peso corporal al inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 en México. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, de 1281 personas mayores de 18 años, mediante encuesta electrónica en las semanas 4-7 de confinamiento, con datos sociodemográficos, consumo alimentario y percepción del peso corporal. Resultados: el cambio de consumo de alimentos fue del 53.9%, encontrando diferencias según sexo en bebidas (carbonatadas, jugos, alcohólicas), café/té, frutas, leguminosas (p < 0.05). La percepción del peso corporal incrementó en 3.4 (subieron) y 2.1 (bajaron) veces más el riesgo de cambio en la alimentación. Conclusiones: las diferencias alimentarias refieren una tendencia al tipo de alimentos que consumen, principalmente bebidas ricas en azúcares, con percepción de cambios en el peso corporal positivo en mujeres.

Perceived Diet Quality, Eating Behaviour, and Lifestyle Changes in a Mexican Population with Internet Access during Confinement for the COVID-19 Pandemic: ESCAN-COVID19Mx Survey.

Perceived changes in diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle were evaluated in a group of Mexican adults before and during COVID-19 confinement. In this study, 8289 adults answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported weight and height, diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle changes were collected. Before and after confinement, differences by sociodemographic characteristics were assessed with Wilcoxon, Anova, and linear regression analyses. Most participants were women (80%) between 18 and 38 years old (70%), with a low degree of marginalisation (82.8%) and a high educational level (84.2%); 53.1% had a normal weight and 31.4% were overweight. Half (46.8%) of the participants perceived a change in the quality of their diet. The Diet Quality Index (DQI) was higher during confinement (it improved by 3 points) in all groups, regardless of education level, marginalisation level, or place of residence (p < 0.001). Lifestyle changes were present among some of the participants, 6.1% stopped smoking, 12.1% stopped consuming alcohol, 53.3% sleep later, 9% became more sedentary, and increased their screen (43%) as well as sitting and lying down time (81.6%). Mexicans with Internet access staying at home during COVID-19 confinement perceived positive changes in the quality of their diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but negative changes in the level of physical activity and sleep quality. These results emphasise the relevance of encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours during and after times of crisis to prevent the risk of complications due to infectious and chronic diseases.

Asociación de horas de sueño y adiposidad en niños y adolescentes del noreste de México / Association of sleep duration and adiposity in children and adolescents in northeastern Mexico

FUNDAMENTOS: Se ha identificado que el sueño es un factor de riesgo de adiposidad en la población pediátrica que procede de países de altos ingresos económicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre horas de sueño nocturno y adiposidad mediante índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de cuello (PC) en niños y adolescentes del noreste de México, país de ingresos medios. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística a partir de 746 escolares de 4 a 18 años de edad y se estimaron las tasas de posibilidad de riesgo de obesidad según IMC y PC frente a horas de sueño entre semana y fines de semana. RESULTADOS: El promedio de horas de sueño nocturno en preescolares fueron 9,1 (±1,2), en escolares 8,3 (±1,2) y adolescentes 6,21 (±1,0). Los factores asociados a adiposidad mediante PC fueron horas de sueño entre semana, edad, sexo masculino y roncar; para adiposidad por IMC fueron sexo masculino y roncar (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Existe asociación entre adiposidad del cuello con horas de sueño en días entre semana, no así con adiposidad mediante IMC. La medición del PC puede ser un enfoque innovador para determinar adiposidad y para intervenciones de prevención que ayuden a garantizar la duración adecuada del sueño en la población pediátrica

BACKGROUND: It has been identified that sleep is risk factor adiposity in the pediatric population who come from high income countries. The objective of this study was to determine the association between hours of nighttime sleep and adiposity using body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference (NC) in children and adolescents in northeastern Mexico, middle-income country. METHODS: A logistic regression analysis was carried out from 746 schoolchildren aged from 4 to 18 years and the obesity risk possibility rates by BMI and PC were estimated against sleep hours during the week and weekends. RESULTS: The average hours of nighttime sleep in preschoolers were 9.1 (±1.2), in schoolchildren 8.3 (±1.2) and adolescents 6.21 (±1.0). The factors associated with adiposity by NC were hours of sleep during the week, age, male sex and snoring; the factors for adiposity by BMI were male sex and snoring (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between adiposity of the neck with hours of sleep on weekdays, but not with adiposity by to BMI. NC measurement can be an innovative approach to determine adiposity andfor prevention interventions that help ensure adequate sleep duration in the pediatric population