Is there a link between the inflammatory potential of a diet and mental health among patients with migraine? Findings from a cross-sectional survey.

AIMS: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and mental health outcomes among patients with migraine headaches. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 262 subjects were included. The dietary intakes were collected using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Items were scored according to their inflammatory potential, so a higher DII indicated a more pro-inflammatory diet. The association between DII and the mental health of participants was investigated using multinomial logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. RESULTS: Overall, 224 women and 38 men, with a mean (standard error) DII of -2.96 (0.06), age of 36.1 (0.53) years, and BMI of 25.55 (0.21) kg/m2, comprised our study population. DII was positively associated with a higher risk of depression in patients with the highest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet compared to those with the lowest adherence (OR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.04, 3.00; Ptrend = 0.035). Adjustments for age, sex, marital status, smoking status, migraine headache index score, number of family members, mean arterial pressure, medication, physical activity, and BMI intensified the association in a way that the risk of depression was 2.03 times higher in patients with the highest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet compared to those with the lowest adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.18, 3.49; Ptrend = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that depression was positively associated with adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet. However, no significant association was observed between anxiety and stress with DII.

Animal protein intake is directly associated with serum level of pentraxin 3 in hemodialysis patients.

Inflammation plays an important role in Cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis as the main cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite the relevance of nutrition and dietary intakes for inflammation status, the role of dietary protein sources remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the different types of dietary protein and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels in HD patients. In this multi-center cross-sectional study, 227 adult patients undergoing HD for a minimum 90 days were recruited. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. Also, 5 ml blood samples were collected from each patient to measure the concentration of serum PTX3. Overall, 227 patients, including 63 women and 164 men, with a mean age of 58 years, participated in this study. There was a greater intake of animal protein per kilogram dry weight among patients with higher levels of PTX3 (0.46 vs. 0.54 g/kg; P = 0.035). In contrast, consumption of total protein and plant protein per kilogram dry weight was not different across PTX3 levels. Moreover, the chance of increased PTX3 concentration was directly associated with a one-unit increase in animal protein intake per kilogram dry weight, after adjusting for confounders. We did not observe any association between one-unit increases in plant protein intake per kilogram dry weight and chance of increased PTX3. In conclusion, animal protein intake was directly associated with circulating PTX3.

The effects of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Metabolic acidosis (MA) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with CKD, a systematic review was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, of relevant articles published prior to September 2022. The summary statistics of effect size, nonstandardized weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare the effects of SB supplementation on anthropometric parameters vs. control group. To detect probable sources of heterogeneity, a series of predefined subgroup analyses were conducted. In total, 17 studies with 21 treatment arms, including 2203 participants (1149 cases, 1054 controls), met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. SB supplementation had no significant effect on body weight (BW), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), or lean body mass (LBM) in patients with CKD. There was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.59 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.93, p = 0.001) after SB supplementation in the overall analysis. In subgroup analysis, LBM was increased in studies that were ≥ 24-week duration (MD: 1.81 kg, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81) and in participants with BMI lower than 27 kg/m2 (MD: 1.81 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81). SB supplementation may yield increases in BMI in predialysis CKD patients. However, our findings did not support the beneficial effects of SB supplementation on other anthropometric outcomes. There is an evident need for long-term high-quality interventions to confirm these findings.

A meta-analysis of the effect of probiotic administration on age-related sarcopenia.

Global increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia, highlights the need of recognizing agents that improve muscle health; however, the evidence synthesis on the impact of probiotic administration on sarcopenia is scarce. To summarize and evaluate findings regarding the effect of supplementation with probiotics on sarcopenia, this meta-analysis was conducted. Using databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI-Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, interventional studies were included if they investigate the effect of probiotic administration on at least one of the components of sarcopenia up to 6 October 2022. Risk of bias evaluation was conducted using the Cochrane quality assessment tool. The random-effects model which takes between-study variations into account was used to obtain the overall effect sizes. The STATA version 14.0 was used for statistical analyses. Overall, 17 studies were included. There was high certainty of evidence that probiotic supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass (kg) (WMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.05; I 2: 0.0%, p = .995), and muscle function (WMD: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.23; I 2: 65.6%, p = .05). Moreover, administration of probiotics for more than 12 weeks significantly increased muscle strength (WMD: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.44; I 2: 0.0%, p = .77). However, probiotic supplementation had no effect on anthropometric indices, including body mass index. Probiotic supplementation could improve muscle mass and muscle function in adults more than 55 years old. The beneficial effect of probiotics on muscle strength could appear after 12 weeks of supplementation.

The effect of lutein and Zeaxanthine on dyslipidemia: A meta-analysis study.

AIMS: The relationship between circulating Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) concentrations, and plasma lipoproteins has been indicated by observational studies. However, the beneficial impact of L/Z administration on dyslipidemia are unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of oral intake of L/Z on circulating total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. METHODS: We electronically assessed all eligible interventional studies through different electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI -Web of Science, and Cochrane library until Jun 2021. After identifying the quality of each included randomized controlled trials, they were evaluated by assessing the risk-difference between treatment and control groups by pooling available data on net change of serum LDL-C, HDL-C, and Cholesterol. RESULTS: L/Z supplementation has null effect on circulating levels of TC (WMD: -3.82 95% CI: -13.83, 6.18; I-square: 85.2%), and LDL-C (WMD: -4.54; 95% CI: -11.5, 2.48; I-square: 83.9%). In contrast, L/Z treatment could significantly increase HDL-C levels in older adults (WMD: 4.06; 95% CI: 0.64, 7.48; I-square: 50.7%). CONCLUSION: L/Z administration could be an effective treatment for improving circulating HDL-C concentration in elderly adults.