Dapagliflozin Improved Cardiac Function and Structure in Diabetic Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Results of a Single Centre, Observational Prospective Study.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular events in diabetes and heart failure (HF). The mechanisms underlying this benefit are not well known and data are contradictory. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of dapagliflozin on cardiac structure and function in patients with normal ejection fraction. Between October 2020 and October 2021, we consecutively included 31 diabetic patients without prior history of SGLT2i use. In all of them, dapagliflozin treatment was started. At inclusion and during six months of follow-up, different clinical, ECG, analytical, and echocardiographic (standard, 3D, and speckle tracking) variables were recorded. After a follow-up period of 6.6 months, an average reduction of 18 g (p = 0.028) in 3D-estimated left ventricle mass was observed. An increase in absolute left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) of 0.3 (p = 0.036) was observed, as well as an increase in isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) of 10.5 ms (p = 0.05). Moreover, dapagliflozin decreased the levels of plasma creatin-kinase (CK-MB) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). In conclusion, our data show that the use of SGLT2i is associated with both structural (myocardial mass) and functional (IVRT, LV-GLS) cardiac improvements in a population of diabetic patients with normal ejection fraction.

Cross-sectional study of quality of life in relation with vascular access in hemodialysis patients. Study in a hospital and a satellite center

Introduction: Vascular access for hemodialysis (HD) is essential for the patient. Even though Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access, in certain age groups, the central venous catheter (CVC) may provide advantages. This study aims to investigate the quality of life related to vascular access. Methods: Cross-sectional study including patients from a hospital, a home HD unit and a satellite hemodialysis center. Clinical data was collected from the patients, who went through a quality-of-life questionnaire SF12 and a Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ). Results: 91 patients participated, mostly male (70 %), with a mean age of 68.9 ± 16.2 years. AVF was the current vascular access in 60.4 %, the rest used a CVC. Home HD was performed in 12.1 % of patients and 76 % started it via CVC. Regarding patients who have had both AVF and CVC, 58 % prefer AVF and only 26.5 % of current CVC carriers would have a new AVF, mostly due to fear of pain (52 %). Most people (72.5 %) reported having received sufficient information, with no differences between both accesses. The SF12 results showed no differences between patients with AVF or CVC. Regarding the VAQ, patients with AVF were more satisfied with the social aspect (p = 0.036) and complications (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Patients with AVF had better outcomes than those using CVC regarding complications and social aspects. These differences are not attributable to a worse overall quality of life status of CVC patients. Most patients with CVCs refuse to go through a new AVF for fear of puncture pain.

Introducción: el acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis (HD) es esencial para el paciente. Aunque la fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) es el acceso preferido, en ciertos grupos de edad el catéter venoso central (CVC) puede aportar ventajas. Este estudio pretende investigar la calidad de vida relacionada con el acceso vascular. Métodos: el estudio transversal incluye pacientes del hospital, de una unidad de HD domiciliaria y de un centro de hemodiálisis periférico. Se recogieron datos clínicos de los pacientes que contestaron el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF12 y Cuestionario de Acceso Vascular (VAQ). Resultados: 91 pacientes, en su mayoría varones (70 %), con una edad media de 68,9 ± 16,2 años. La FAV era el acceso vascular actual en el 60,4 %. La HD domiciliaria se realizó en el 12,1 % de los pacientes y el 76 % la inició mediante CVC. En cuanto a los pacientes que han tenido tanto FAV como CVC, el 58 % prefiere la FAV y sólo el 26,5 % de los actuales portadores de CVC se sometería a una nueva FAV, sobre todo por miedo al dolor (52 %). La mayoría de las personas (72,5 %) declararon haber recibido suficiente información, sin diferencias entre ambos accesos. Los resultados del SF12 no mostraron diferencias según el acceso. En cuanto al VAQ, los pacientes con AVF estaban más satisfechos con el aspecto social y las complicaciones. Conclusión: los pacientes con FAV tuvieron mejores resultados en comparación con los que utilizaron CVC en cuanto a complicaciones y aspectos sociales, sin deberse a un peor estado general de la calidad de vida. La mayoría de los pacientes con CVC se niegan a someterse a una nueva FAV por miedo al dolor de la punción.

Consenso de VIH: tratamiento antirretroviral en adultos

Consenso para el tratamiento antirretroviral en adultos

Antiretroviral Adult treatment Consensus

Consenso de VIH-2: tratamiento antirretroviral en niños, adolescentes y embarazadas

Consenso para el tratamiento antirretroviral de las mujeres embarazadas, los adolescentes y los niños

Consensus of Antiretroviral treatment of pregnant women, adolescents and children

Consenso de VIH-3: adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral y consideraciones en situaciones especiales

Consenso acerca de la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en situaciones especiales

Consensus about the antiretroviral treatment adherence in special situations

Usefulness of speckle myocardial imaging modalities for differential diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction of the myocardium.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Current diagnostic criteria for left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) may result in over-diagnosis of the disease. We evaluate the role of speckle imaging in differential diagnosis of LVNC. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included all patients who, between January 2012 and May 2015, fulfilled currently accepted criteria for LVNC (28 patients). A control group of 28 healthy individuals and a third group of 13 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were created. Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in all groups. Thirteen patients with LVNC had an ejection fraction (EF) <50% (33.5%, SD 10). When compared to controls, patients with LVNC and EF<50% had a larger LV, larger left atrial diameter (LA), reduced e', and reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS). All but one patient with LVNC and EF<50% showed an abnormal LV rotation. This abnormal pattern was observed in 4 LVNC patients (27%) with EF≥50% and in none of the controls. In patients with LVNC, EF ≥50%, and abnormal rotation, GLS was lower than in controls, (-17 (SD 3) vs -21 (SD 3)). Rigid body rotation (RBR) was also observed in 2 DCM patients, with significant differences in EF, GLS, LV diameters relative to the rest of the DCM group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who fulfil the morphologic criteria for LVNC, speckle myocardial imaging techniques could be useful in differentiating between healthy individuals (functionally normal LV) and patients with LVNC (with functional abnormalities in the myocardium in spite of a preserved EF).

Comparison of pharmacological treatment alone versus treatment combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients over 75 years.

BACKGROUND: The role of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients aged ≥75 years is not well established. METHODS: We identified 607 patients aged ≥75 years with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤35 %, of whom 78 met the guidelines for indication of CRT. Based on the decision of the patients or attending cardiologists, 34 patients received a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D). RESULTS: The age of patients with a CRT indication was 80 ± 4 years, and 73 % were males. As compared with patients on medical therapy, CRT-D patients were younger (79 ± 3 vs. 83 ± 4, P < 0.001), had lower LVEF (23 ± 7 vs. 27 ± 7 %, P = 0.008) and higher rate of decompensated heart failure episodes (77 vs. 55 %, P = 0.04), were more frequently New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV (53 vs. 25 %, P = 0.01), and were more likely to be on beta-blockers (88 vs. 66 %, P = 0.023), anticoagulants (61 vs. 32 % P = 0.02), and anti-aldosterone drugs (82 vs. 50 %, P = 0.003). After a median follow-up of 26 months, seven patients in the CRT-D group (21 %) and 20 non-CRT patients (46 %) died (hazard ratio (HR) 0.16 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.46]). The end point of mortality or hospitalization was not reduced because of a similar rate of hospitalizations for heart failure of CRT-D patients. Four CRT-D patients (12 %) had received appropriate device therapy, and one had been inappropriately discharged. During follow-up, 44 % of CRT-D patients improved their LVEF by >40 %. CONCLUSION: CRT-D is potentially of benefit in terms of mortality in our population; this effect persists after correction for use of beta-blockers. In patients ≥75 years, CRT indications should be similar to those accepted for younger subjects.

Carbon dioxide vs. air insufflation in ileo-colonoscopy and in gastroscopy plus ileo-colonoscopy: a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) during endoscopies compared to air is associated with a decrease in abdominal discomfort after the examination, because CO2 is readily absorbed through the small intestine and eliminated by the lungs. AIM: the objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the effect of CO2 insufflation on pain and abdominal distension after an ileo-colonoscopy (I) and after an ileo-colonoscopy plus gastroscopy (I+G). MATERIAL AND METHODS: we included a total of 309 patients in the study and all endoscopies were performed under sedation with propofol. Two hundred fourteen patients underwent an I (132 with CO2 / 82 with air) and 95 underwent an I+G (53 with CO2 / 42 with air). Abdominal pain was studied at 10, 30 and 120 minutes of exploration and abdominal perimeter difference before and after the procedure. RESULTS: both in group I and in group I+G, the use of CO2 translated into an average of abdominal pain significantly lower (p < 0.05). Similarly, a smaller increase in waist circumference was found among group I and group I+G, in patients where CO2 was used (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: the insufflation of CO2 instead of air during the performance of endoscopy significantly reduces the discomfort and abdominal pain after an ileo-colonoscopy and after a gastroscopy + ileo-colonoscopy.

Insuflación de CO2 vs. aire en íleo-colonoscopia y en gastroscopia más íleo-colonoscopia: estudio comparativo / Carbon dioxide vs. air insufflation in ileo-colonoscopy and in gastroscopy plus ileo-colonoscopy: a comparative study

Introducción: la insuflación con dióxido de carbono (CO2) durante las endoscopias digestivas comparado con el aire, se asocia a una disminución de las molestias abdominales después de la exploración, ya que el CO2 es fácilmente absorbido por el intestino delgado y eliminado por los pulmones. Objetivo: el objetivo de este ensayo clínico aleatorizado fue valorar el efecto de la insuflación de CO2 sobre el dolor y la distensión abdominal después de una ileo-colonoscopia (I) y después de una íleo-colonoscopia + gastroscopia (I+G). Material y métodos: se incluyeron un total de 309 pacientes en el estudio y todas las endoscopias fueron realizadas bajo sedación con propofol. A 214 pacientes se les realizó una I (132 con CO2 / 82 con aire) y a 95 se les realizó una I+G (53 con CO2 / 42 con aire). Se estudió el dolor abdominal a los 10, 30 y 120 min de la exploración y la diferencia de perímetro abdominal antes y después del procedimiento. Resultados: tanto en el grupo I como en el grupo I+G, se objetivó una media de dolor abdominal en los pacientes en los que se utilizó CO2 significativamente menor que en los que se utilizó aire (p < 0,05). Y de igual modo se objetivó un menor incremento en el perímetro abdominal para el grupo I y para el I+G en los pacientes en que se utilizó CO2 frente a los que se utilizó aire (p < 0,05). Conclusión: la insuflación de CO2 en vez de aire durante la realización de la exploración endoscópica, reduce significativamente el disconfort y el dolor abdominal después de una íleo-colonoscopia y después de una íleo-colonoscopia + gastroscopia(AU)

Introduction: insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) during endoscopies compared to air is associated with a decrease in abdominal discomfort after the examination, because CO2 is readily absorbed through the small intestine and eliminated by the lungs. Aim: the objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the effect of CO2 insufflation on pain and abdominal distension after an ileo-colonoscopy (I) and after an ileo-colonoscopy plus gastroscopy (I+G). Material and methods: we included a total of 309 patients in the study and all endoscopies were performed under sedation with propofol. Two hundred fourteen patients underwent an I (132 with CO2 / 82 with air) and 95 underwent an I+G (53 with CO2 / 42 with air). Abdominal pain was studied at 10, 30 and 120 minutes of exploration and abdominal perimeter difference before and after the procedure. Results: both in group I and in group I+G, the use of CO2 translated into an average of abdominal pain significantly lower (p < 0.05). Similarly, a smaller increase in waist circumference was found among group I and group I+G, in patients where CO2 was used (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the insufflation of CO2 instead of air during the performance of endoscopy significantly reduces the discomfort and abdominal pain after an ileo-colonoscopy and after a gastroscopy + ileo-colonoscopy(AU)