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1.
Epilepsy Behav ; 129: 108619, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35303620

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG) results have been reported in a high percentage of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in a clinical population of pre-school children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the differences in terms of the following phenotypic characteristics: adaptive behavior, executive functioning, severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder core symptoms, and comorbidity symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 69 children who attended the Autism Spectrum Disorder early diagnosis program with electroencephalography and clinical diagnosis was performed. A battery of questionnaires was also made to parents to evaluate emotions, behavior, and functional skills for daily living. RESULTS: Out of 69 pre-school children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, twenty nine (42%) had abnormalities in electroencephalography results. The group with abnormal epileptiform electroencephalography exhibited more impairment in executive functioning and social-relationship coexisting symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an abnormal epileptiform electroencephalography in pre-school children with ASD already suggests a worse development in clinical features.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electroencephalography/methods , Executive Function , Humans , Phenotype
2.
Educ. med. (Ed. impr.) ; 18(3): 160-166, jul.-sept. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194309

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El proceso docente actual necesita cambios mediante la introducción de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) por medio de nuevos sistemas de hardware y software. Tras unos primeros años de introducción y adaptación, hoy en día, el uso de equipos informáticos fijos, portátiles, móviles y tabletas se ha convertido en un aspecto cotidiano para todos los individuos, permitiendo que nuevas tecnologías se puedan implantar de una manera más natural. En este sentido, la Facultad de Medicina de Málaga se ha planteado el uso de mandos de respuesta interactivos mediante radiofrecuencias en actividades de grupo reducido ya que se postulan como una herramienta de gran utilidad que podrían mejorar la calidad de la docencia, permitiendo una evaluación de la misma en tiempo real, superando la realizada por los métodos más clásicos como el examen escrito u oral. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Tras realizar cursos de formación al personal implicado y dotar las aulas con el hardware preciso, se procedió a entregar a todos los alumnos un mando de respuesta interactiva por radiofrecuencia de forma gratuita para realizar diversas actividades en grupos reducidos un total de 12 asignaturas (6 básicas y 6 clínicas) mediante preguntas tipo test unirrespuesta y posteriormente una encuesta de satisfacción. Se analizó la estadística descriptiva y comparativa de los datos obtenidos. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Los objetivos de nuestro estudio han ido enfocados a comprobar la eficacia de la implantación de los mandos de respuesta interactiva en las actividades de grupo reducido en el grado en Medicina. Todos los resultados mostraron una distribución normal. El número de alumnos que participaron en la experiencia fue de 1.645, divididos en 6 asignaturas básicas y 6 clínicas. En el análisis conjunto el promedio de aciertos en las actividades de evaluación de la docencia en grupos reducidos mediante test unirrespuesta fue de 73,3±2,7% con un grado de satisfacción de 4,3±0,2 sobre 5. En el análisis comparativo entre asignaturas básicas y clínicas mediante t de Student, se observó un mayor promedio de aciertos en las asignaturas básicas (79,3±2,9 vs. 67,3±3,1) con un grado de satisfacción similar (4,3±0,3 vs. 4,2±0,2). El uso de mandos de radiofrecuencia se ha mostrado como una herramienta útil como apoyo a la docencia en grupos reducidos, facilitando una buena adquisición de competencias específicas y un elevado grado de satisfacción por parte del alumnado


INTRODUCTION: The current teaching process needs changes with the introduction of new information and communications technology (ICT) using new hardware and software systems. After a few years of introduction and adaptation, the use of computers, laptops, mobile phones, and tablets is now normal for everyone, allowing new technologies to be implemented more naturally. The Faculty of Medicine of Malaga has proposed the use of interactive response controls through radio frequencies in small group activities, because they can be a very useful tool to improve the quality of teaching, allowing an evaluation in real time, and exceeding the classical methods, such as a written or oral examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After giving training courses for the staff involved and setting-up of classrooms with the necessary hardware, all students were given a remote interactive response radiofrequency control for free to be used in small groups for 12 teaching subjects (6 basic and 6 clinical) to answer single-response test questions. They then completed a satisfaction questionnaire. A descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The objectives of our study were to test the effectiveness of the implementation of interactive response control in small group activities in the Faculty of Medicine. All the results showed a normal distribution. The number of students who participated were 1645, divided into 6 basic and 6 clinical subjects. The mean of correct responses in small activities in both groups using a single answer test was 73.32% ±2.7%, with a satisfaction level of 4.3±0.2 out of 5. In the comparative analysis between basic subjects and clinical subject, using Student's t test, a higher mean was observed in the basic subjects (79.3±2.9 vs 67.3±3.1), with a similar level of satisfaction (4.3±0.3 vs 4.2±0.2). These results show that the use of radiofrequency controls are a useful tool to support teaching in small groups, helping to acquire specific skills and a high level of satisfaction by the students


Subject(s)
Humans , Radio Frequency Identification Device/methods , Education, Medical/methods , Information Technology/trends , Personal Satisfaction , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Models, Educational
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(11): 502-508, 1 jun., 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163768

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es la causa más frecuente de parálisis flácida aguda en niños. Objetivo. Describir características de los pacientes diagnosticados de polineuropatías agudas y su evolución a largo plazo. Pacientes y métodos. Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los menores de 14 años ingresados en nuestro hospital entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2014. Se recogieron variables clínicas, demográficas, neurofisiológicas y otras pruebas de imagen. Resultados. Veintiséis pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 3,83 años, fueron diagnosticados de polineuropatías agudas, cuatro de ellos de origen marroquí. Veinte (76%) tenían antecedentes de infección previa. El tiempo medio desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta su ingreso fue de 9,2 días y, desde éste hasta el inicio de gammaglobulinas, de 1,6 días. La sintomatología que precedió al diagnóstico fue de carácter muy heterogéneo. Todos presentaron debilidad muscular; el 90%, arreflexia; y el 30%, afectación de los pares craneales. El 100% recibió gammaglobulinas intravenosas, y el 38,4%, corticoides sistémicos. Presentaron cronificación de la patología dos pacientes. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. Conclusiones. Los pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio presentaron en fases tempranas síntomas muy inespecíficos que llevaron a diagnósticos alternativos iniciales; para evitar este retraso diagnóstico, resulta fundamental realizar una exhaustiva exploración física que incluya los reflejos osteotendinosos y mantener un alto índice de sospecha de la enfermedad aun con normalidad en las pruebas complementarias si éstas son precoces. Detectamos un mayor número de polineuropatía axonal, posiblemente explicado por el elevado número de pacientes atendidos de origen marroquí (AU)


Introduction. Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. Aim. To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with acute polyneuropathies and their long-term progress. Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of children under 14 years of age admitted toour hospital between January 2004 and December 2014. Clinical, demographic and neurophysiological variables were collected together with other imaging tests. Results. Twenty-six patients, with a mean age of 3.83 years, were diagnosed with acute polyneuropathies, four of them of Moroccan origin. Twenty of them (76%) had a history of previous infection. The mean time elapsed since the onset of the symptoms until admission to hospital was 9.2 days, and from admission until beginning with gamma globulins it was 1.6 days. The clinical signs and symptoms prior to diagnosis were of a very heterogeneous nature. They all presented muscular weakness; 90% displayed areflexia; and 30% showed involvement of the cranial nerves. All of them (100%) received intravenous gamma globulins, and 38.4% were given systemic corticosteroids. Two patients presented chronification of the pathology. There was no mortality in the series. Conclusions. The patients included in our study presented very unspecific symptoms in the early phases, which initially led to alternative diagnoses. To avoid this delay in the diagnosis, it is essential to perform an exhaustive physical examination that includes the myotatic reflexes and to maintain a high level of suspicion of the disease even with normal results in the complementary tests if they are performed at an early stage. We detected a greater number of cases of axonal polyneuropathy, which can possibly be explained by the high number of patients of Moroccan origin who were treated (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Female , Male , Polyneuropathies/diagnosis , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications , gamma-Globulins/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Neurologic Examination/methods , Miller Fisher Syndrome/diagnosis , Muscle Weakness/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Plasmapheresis , Polyneuropathies/cerebrospinal fluid
4.
Brain Lang ; 145-146: 1-10, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25932618

ABSTRACT

Changes in ERP (P100 and N400) and root mean square (RMS) were obtained during a silent reading task in 28 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of both memantine and constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT). Participants received memantine/placebo alone (weeks 0-16), followed by drug treatment combined with CIAT (weeks 16-18), and then memantine/placebo alone (weeks 18-20). ERP/RMS values (week 16) decreased more in the memantine group than in the placebo group. During CIAT application (weeks 16-18), improvements in aphasia severity and ERP/RMS values were amplified by memantine and changes remained stable thereafter (weeks 18-20). Changes in ERP/RMS occurred in left and right hemispheres and correlated with gains in language performance. No changes in ERP/RMS were found in a healthy group in two separated evaluations. Our results show that aphasia recovery induced by both memantine alone and in combination with CIAT is indexed by bilateral cortical potentials.


Subject(s)
Aphasia/therapy , Brain/physiology , Evoked Potentials/physiology , Language Therapy/methods , Memantine/therapeutic use , Stroke/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aphasia/etiology , Aphasia/physiopathology , Brain/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Evoked Potentials/drug effects , Female , Functional Laterality/drug effects , Functional Laterality/physiology , Humans , Male , Memantine/pharmacology , Middle Aged , Photic Stimulation/methods , Reading , Stroke/complications , Stroke/physiopathology
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(10): 592-596, 16 nov., 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-86826

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El término ‘espasmo epiléptico’ debe usarse para denotar un tipo de crisis que es típica de la infancia. Clínicamente se expresa como contracciones axiales breves, en flexión, extensión o mixtas, que pueden ser simétricas o asimétricas y que suelen aparecer en cluster o racimos. El síndrome epiléptico más conocido asociado a la aparición de espasmos agrupados es el síndrome de West. También pueden aparecer en otras epilepsias generalizadas, epilepsias con espasmos periódicos e incluso crisis que asemejan espasmos agrupados en algunas epilepsias parciales. Caso clínico. Niña de 6 meses de edad con episodios paroxísticos de espasmos en racimos en la que no existe patrón de hipsarritmia en el electroencefalograma. La exploración física, la neuroimagen y los estudios metabólicos no presentaron hallazgos patológicos de interés. El desarrollo psicomotor de la paciente previo al inicio de las crisis fue normal. Tras tratamiento con varias pautas de fármacos antiepilépticos, la combinación de ácido valproico y vigabatrina consiguió el control definitivo de las crisis. Conclusión. Hay casos como éste, con espasmos en racimos, que entran dentro del rango de edad propio del síndrome de West y que, sin embargo, no presentan características electroencefalográficas de hipsarritmia (ni típicas ni atípicas) ni deterioro neuropsicológico. En estos pacientes no queda claro si podría tratarse de una variante relacionada con el síndrome de West o no, ya que no cumplen dos de los tres criterios exigidos para su diagnóstico (AU)


Introduction. The term ‘epileptic spasm’ must be used to refer to a type of seizure that is typically found in childhood. Clinically, it is expressed as brief axial contractions, in flexion, extension or mixed, which can be symmetrical or asymmetrical and usually appear in clusters. The best-known epileptic syndrome associated with the appearance of grouped spasms is West’s syndrome. They may also appear in other generalised epilepsies, epilepsies with periodic spasms or even seizures that are similar to grouped spasms in certain partial epilepsies. Case report. A 6-month-old girl with paroxysmal episodes of cluster spasms, for whom no pattern of hypsarrhythmia was observed in the electroencephalogram. The physical examination, neuroimaging and metabolic studies did not offer any pathological findings of interest. The psychomotor development of the patient prior to the onset of the seizures was normal. Following treatment with several different antiepileptic drug regimes, finally control over the seizures was accomplished with a combination of valproic acid and vigabatrine. Conclusions. There are cases like this, with cluster spasms, which fall within the age bracket at which West’s syndrome typically occurs and which, nevertheless, do not present the electroencephalographic characteristics of hypsarrhythmia (neither typical nor atypical) or neuropsychological impairment. In these patients it is not clear whether we are dealing with a variant related with West’s syndrome or not, since two of the three criteria required for its diagnosis are not fulfilled (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Electroencephalography
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