ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS). DESIGN: Cross sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 106 men and women with COPD 50 years of age or older. SETTING: Pulmonary ambulatory clinic in a tertiary academic center in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. MEASUREMENTS: We enrolled patients with COPD who completed the RCS tool. Patients were classified as having normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia if they scored ≥ 8, 6-7, or ≤ 5, respectively. The prevalence of each category was measured, and patients' baseline characteristics were compared. RESULTS: One hundred and six patients completed the RCS. Of those, 36 (33.9%) patients scored ≤ 5 on the RCS, 33 (31.1%) scored 6 or 7, and 37 (34.9%) scored ≥ 8. The prevalence of dementia, MCI, and normal cognition were 33.9%, 31.1%, and 34.9%, respectively. Baseline lung function was not different between patients with normal cognition and those with abnormal cognition (FEV1 1.53 ± 0.39 vs 1.45 ± 0.32 L). In patients with abnormal cognition, there was no difference in patients' characteristics between patients with MCI or dementia. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with COPD. RCS successfully identified cognitive impairment in COPD. We recommend performing RCS in patients with COPD routinely.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Dementia/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Secretor is an individual with ability to produce blood group reactive substances in the exocrine glands and to secrete these substances in the body fluids such as saliva. In saliva the blood reactive antigens are found primarily on mucins which exhibit microheterogenicity and different subtypes of these molecules. This study was done to find out if the salivary blood group antigens have any role in the adherence of certain selected microorganism in the oral cavity. METHODS: Unstimulated whole saliva and sub gingival plaque samples were collected from subjects with clinically healthy gingival, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth ≥4mm and attachment loss ≥1mm. Secretor status was determined by using Haemagglutination Inhibition Assay. Unstimulated whole saliva and sub gingival plaque samples were collected to culture and isolate the selected microorganisms. The clinical scores, secretor status and the presence or absence of selected microorganisms were compared within the groups using Chi-square test and students unpaired t-test. RESULTS: The numbers of secretors were more in the healthy group (22.2%) and non secretors were more in the chronic periodontitis group (22.2%). The clinical scores were higher in the in non secretors compared to the secretors in all the three groups. P intermedia and P gingivalis were prevalent among non secretors in chronic gingivitis group. (P=0.075 and P=0.032) and chronic periodontitis group (P=0.068 and P=0.009).
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System/metabolism , Bacterial Adhesion/physiology , Chronic Periodontitis/blood , Gingivitis/blood , Saliva/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Chronic Periodontitis/metabolism , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Plaque/blood , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolation & purification , Gingivitis/metabolism , Gingivitis/microbiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Mouth/microbiology , Peptostreptococcus/isolation & purification , Reference Values , Saliva/microbiology , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/metabolism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
Extraction was performed on 52 periodontally involved teeth. Of these, ten without any instrumentation served as controls, 19 were treated with hand instruments, and 23 with ultrasonics. The extent of cleaning and damage to teeth with the two treatment procedures employed were assessed by examining in the scanning electron microscope. Ultrasonics were superior in the treatment of incisor teeth but had no particular advantage over the hand instruments with respect to the treatment of molars. Also the microflora forming the bacterial plaque were visualized.
Subject(s)
Dental Instruments , Subgingival Curettage/instrumentation , Tooth Root/ultrastructure , Ultrasonic Therapy/instrumentation , Adult , Aged , Bacteria/ultrastructure , Dental Calculus/pathology , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Dental Plaque/pathology , Humans , Incisor/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Middle Aged , Molar/ultrastructure , Tooth Root/injuriesABSTRACT
The effectiveness of two agents in plaque removal from the proximal surfaces of teeth was studied in 30 subjects with large interproximal spaces. The Proxabrush was more effective than the rubber cone stimulator in its ability to remove proximal plaque, but neither achieved complete removal. Both agents cleaned incisor teeth better than posterior teeth, mesial surfaces better than distal surfaces, facial halves better than lingual halves and coronal halves better than apical halves of proximal surfaces. No differences in gingival health were detected. A majority of the patients preferred the Proxabrush.
